Abstract:
Integrated gaseous fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer (401) and fuel cell (467) systems can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The gaseous fuel CPOX reformer also can include one or more igniters (435), and a source of gaseous reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the gaseous fuel CPOX reformer.
Abstract:
A liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408'), each reactor unit (408') including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409'), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of the CPOX reaction zone can include a hydrogen barrier. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer can include a vaporizer (415'), one or more igniters (435'), and a source of liquid reformable fuel.
Abstract:
A gaseous fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen- rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of a CPOX reaction zone of a CPOX reactor unit can include a hydrogen barrier. The gaseous fuel CPOX reformer also can include one or more igniters, and a source of gaseous reformable fuel.
Abstract:
A liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. At least the exterior surface of the CPOX reaction zone can include a hydrogen barrier. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a feed distribution device in separation columns and a method of operation. In particular it relates to distillation columns in which the feed stream is substantially liquid phase, or a mixture of gas and liquid upstream of the column, but where the feed vaporizes or vaporizes prior to or as it enters the column. More specifically, the feed distribution device contains a plurality of opening which allow the feed to vaporize prior to or as it enters the column and where the openings are maintained in critical condition during operation. Significant advantage is achieved through the implementation and use of the present feed distribution devices.
Abstract:
A vacuum thermal treating apparatus includes a chamber; reaction vessels positioned in the chamber; a heating member positioned between the chamber the reaction vessels and heating the reaction vessels; and an exhaust pipe discharging the inside of the reaction vessels and including a plurality of the exhaust member formed separately.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for continuously reacting liquid alkylene oxide with a liquid substance comprising an organic compound with active hydrogen atoms and a catalyst in a reactor, wherein (1) the alkylene oxide is split before entering the reaction space into a first and a second part and, optionally, further parts, (2) said first part of alkylene oxide enters the reaction space of said reactor at a first location, (3) the liquid organic substance is supplied to the interior of said reactor at a second location downstream of said first location, (4) the liquid alkylene oxide enters the reactor at said first location over the entire-cross sectional area of the reaction space or gap at said location, (5) said second and, optionally, further parts of alkylene oxide are split off at said first location and are channeled from said first location to a third location and, when further parts of alkylene oxide are split off, to further locations in the reaction space or gap, through a separate tube for each part of alkylene oxide which is inserted into the reaction space, extends from said first location to said third or said further location of the reactor space, respectively, (6) said third location and optional further locations are located downstream of said second location and have a distance from said second location and from each other in flow direction of the reactor charge, and (7) said second and optional further parts of liquid alkylene oxide enter the reaction space at said third location and said optional further locations and are intermingled with the liquid reaction mixture and react with it on its way downstream towards the end of the reactor and preferred apparatuses for carrying out said process.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a gas flow comprising oxygen for the endothermic reaction of a starting flow, comprising one or more hydrocarbons, with a predefined concentration of oxygen and a predefined temperature, characterized in that a fluid fuel flow is burned with a primary air flow, with ?-values of the primary air flow to the fluid fuel flow ranging between 0.6 and 1.2, while preserving a combustion gas flow, and that a secondary air flow is mixed to the combustion gas flow, while preserving the gas flow comprising the oxygen for the endothermic reaction, wherein the volume flow and the temperature of the secondary air flow are used to adjust the predefined concentration of oxygen and the predefined temperature of the gas flow comprising the oxygen.
Abstract:
A reactor vessel (10) is provided for alkylating isoparaffins with olefins to produce hydrocarbon alkylates, and has a vertical cylindrical wall, a top, an inverted conical bottom portion (10a), internal perforated baffles (15) and multiple emulsion injection inlet pipes (11), disposed tangentially to the reactor vessel (10). The emulsion injection inlet pipes (11) have static mixers (12) incorporated therein and tangential injection of the emulsion imparts a circular motion to the contents of the reactor vessel (10), resulting in partial phase separation of the reacted products. The reactor vessel (10) communicates with a settling vessel (20) through a transfer pipe (25) having a vertical portion suspended within the central portion of the reactor vessel (10) and a horizontal portion sealably extending through the cylindrical wall of the reactor vessel (10). The transfer pipe (25) has a first end near the conical bottom portion (10a) of the reactor vessel (10) and a second end at a top portion of the settling vessel (20).