Abstract:
An apparatus and process are disclosed for catalytically converting two feed streams. The feed to a first catalytic reactor may be contacted with product from a second catalytic reactor to effect heat exchange between the two streams and to transfer catalyst from the product stream to the feed stream. The feed to the second catalytic reactor may be a portion of the product from the first catalytic reactor.
Abstract:
Methods of hydroprocessing hydrocarbon streams are provided that employ substantially liquid-phase hydroprocessing conditions. In one aspect, the method includes directing a hydrocarbonaceous feed stock (12) to a first substantially liquid-phase hydroprocessing zone (20) wherein an effluent (28) from the first substantially liquid-phase hydroprocessing zone (20) is directed to a second substantially liquid-phase hydroprocessing zone (34) generally undiluted with other hydrocarbon streams. In another aspect, the method recycles (14) a liquid portion of a liquid hydrocarbonaceous effluent (50) from the second substantially liquid-phase hydroprocessing zone (34), which preferably includes an amount of hydrogen dissolved therein, to the hydrocarbonaceous feed stock (12) so that the feed (18) to the first substantially liquid-phase hydroprocessing zone (20) has a relatively larger concentration of dissolved hydrogen relative to the hydrocarbonaceous feed stock (12).
Abstract:
A process is provided to produce an ultra low sulfur diesel with less than 10 ppm sulfur using a two-phase or liquid-phase continuous reaction zone to convert a diesel boiling range distillate preferably obtained from a mild hydrocracking unit. In one aspect, the diesel boiling range distillate is introduced to the liquid-phase continuous reaction zone over saturated with hydrogen in an amount effective so that the liquid phase remains substantially saturated with hydrogen throughout the reaction zone as the reactions proceed.
Abstract:
A process for maximizing p-xylene production includes producing a naphtha fraction and a light cycle oil fraction from a fluid catalytic cracking zone. These fractions are combined and hydrotreated. Fractionation of the hydrotreated product makes a hydrocracker feed that is sent to a hydrocracking zone to make a naphtha cut and a hydrocracker product. The hydrocracker product is recycled back to the fractionation zone, and the naphtha cut is dehydrogenated in a dehydrogenation zone to make aromatics. Reforming catalyst from a catalyst regenerator moves downward through the dehydrogenation zone. Straight run naphtha and raffinate from the aromatics unit are introduced to an additional series of reforming zones. The reforming catalyst moves in parallel through the first reforming zone and the dehydrogenation zones, then is combined for entry to the second and subsequent reforming zones prior to regeneration.
Abstract:
An apparatus and process are presented for drying a catalyst in a reactor-regenerator system. The process includes a continuous operating system with catalyst circulating between a reactor and regenerator, and the catalyst is dried before returning the catalyst to the reactor. The process uses air that is split between the drying stage and the combustion stage without adding equipment outside of the regenerator, minimizing energy, capital cost, and space requirements.
Abstract:
An apparatus and process are disclosed for catalytically converting two feed streams. The feed to a first catalytic reactor may be contacted with product from a second catalytic reactor to effect heat exchange between the two streams and to transfer catalyst from the product stream to the feed stream. The feed to the second catalytic reactor may be a portion of the product from the first catalytic reactor.
Abstract:
Methods (10, 110, 210) of hydrocracking hydrocarbon streams (12, 112, 212) are provided that employ substantially liquid-phase continuous hydroprocessing conditions. In one aspect, the method includes a separate hydrotreating and hydrocracking system where the hydrocracking zone (24) is a substantially liquid-phase continuous system. In another aspect, the method includes a two stage hydrocracking system where one or both of the hydrocracking zones (113, 124) (213, 224) are a substantially liquid-phase continuous reaction system.
Abstract:
A catalytic hydrocracking process wherein a liquid phase stream comprising a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock (1), a liquid phase effluent from a hydrocracking zone (16), and hydrogen in a sufficiently low hydrogen concentration to maintain a liquid phase continuous system is fed into a hydrotreating zone (4) to produce a first hydrocarbonaceous stream comprising hydrocarbons having a reduced level of sulfur and nitrogen. The resulting hydrocarbons having a reduced level of sulfur and nitrogen are introduced into a hydrocracking zone (13) with a sufficiently low hydrogen concentration to maintain a liquid phase continuous system to produce a hydrocracking zone effluent (16) which provides lower boiling range hydrocarbons.