Abstract:
Methods include providing an article including a substrate, a first layer supported by the substrate, and an interface between the substrate and the first layer. The substrate is substantially transparent to radiation at a wavelength λ and the first layer is formed from a photoresist. The methods include exposing the first layer to radiation by directing radiation at λ through the substrate to impinge on the interface so that the radiation experiences total internal reflection at the interface.
Abstract:
Manufacturing a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) active structure includes exposing a substrate to produce an exposure pattern then etching the substrate based on the exposure pattern to produce a plurality of nanostructure cores having a plurality of sides extending from the substrate. Adjacent nanostructure cores are separated by core gaps. SERS active material is deposited onto the plurality of nanostructure cores producing a structure having gaps suitable for use in a SERS process.
Abstract:
A method and device of nanostructured titania that is crack free. A method in accordance with the present invention comprises depositing a Ti film on a surface, depositing a masking layer on the Ti film, etching said masking layer to expose a limited region of the Ti film, the limited region being of an area less than a threshold area, oxidizing the exposed limited region of the Th.ucsbi film, and annealing the exposed limited region of the Ti film.
Abstract:
In general, in one aspect, the invention features an apparatus that includes a plurality of optical elements arranged to form an image of an object. The elements include a first element comprising one or more regions of a polarizing material, the regions being shaped as one or more visual features, a polarizer, and a mounting assembly including a first mount for the first element and a second mount for the polarizer. At least the first or second mount is rotatable with respect to an optical axis between a first orientation and a second orientation. In the first orientation, the visual features are visible in the image of the object and, in the second orientation, the visual features are not visible in the image of the object.
Abstract:
Single-electron devices useful as diodes, transistors or other electronic components are prepared by anodizing a metal substrate in sheet or foil form electrolytically in an acid bath, to deposit thereon an oxide film having axially disposed micropores of substantially uniform diameter in the range of from about 1 to about 500 nanometers and substantially uniform depth less than the thickness of the oxide film, leaving an ultra thin oxide layer between the bottom of each pore in the metal substrate. The conductive material is deposited in the pores to form nanowires contacting the oxide layer at the bottom of the pores. Macro metal is deposited over the ends of the nanowires for external electrical contact purposes. Devices can be made according to the present invention which are suitable to exhibit single-electron tunnelling effects and arrays of tunnel junction devices can be prepared having a density up to the order of 10.sup.10 per square cm.
Abstract:
The invention provides a process for preparing magnetic recording material by depositing ferromagnetic material in particulate form into an aluminum substrate. The aluminum substrate is prepared by cleaning an aluminum or aluminum metal containing substrate; anodizing the cleaned metal substrate, to produce a suitably pitted or porous oxide substrate surface; and rinsing the anodized substrate, substantially to remove therefrom acid residues remaining from the anodizing step. The substrate in contact with a liquid solution of a salt of at least one ferromagnetic metal is then subjected to electrolysis with alternating current, to deposit the metal into the pores of the oxide in small-particle, ferromagnetic form while adjusting and controlling the frequency of the alternating current to obtain discrete particles in the pores assembled in an anisotropic configuration. Excess liquid solution is subsequently removed from the so-treated substrate. The material is then preferably coated with a suitable resin or polymer to seal the pores and then polished to generate a suitable surface for reading or writing by magnetic heads.