Abstract:
Process for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons optionally mixed with ethane which comprises: A) dehydrogenating the hydrocarbon stream, optionally mixed with an inert gas, in a fluid bed reactor in the presence of a catalytic composition based on gallium and manganese supported on alumina modified with silica, at a temperature ranging from 400 to 700°C, at a total pressure ranging from 0.1 to 3 ata and with a GHSV (Gas Hourly Space Velocity) ranging from 50 to 10,000 h -1 ; and B) regenerating and heating the catalyst, by means of the catalytic oxidation of a fuel, in a fluid bed regenerator at a temperature higher than 400°C.
Abstract:
Equipment for carrying out partial oxidation reactions characterized in that it essentially comprises four operating zones: a feeding zone (A); a distribution zone (B) with a constant or decreasing section along the axis of the equipment in the direction of the gas propagation, preferably in the form of a cylindrical, truncated-conical or truncated-pyramidal solid, consisting of one or more parts of said solid, optionally substituted by their external or internal envelope curved surface, wherein the angle ( alpha ) of the generatrix with the vertical parallel to said axis is between 0 and 65 DEG ; a reaction zone (C), consisting of a catalytic bed, with an increasing section along the axis of the equipment in the direction of the gas propagation, communicating with said distribution zone by means of a common transversal section, preferably in the form of a truncated-conical or truncated-pyramidal solid, consisting of one or more parts of said solid, optionally substituted by their external or internal envelope curve surface, in which the angle ( beta ) of the generatrix with the vertical parallel to said axis is between 5 and 65 DEG ; a gas expansion zone (D).
Abstract:
Method for the safety and extension of the operating life of pressure equipment comprising an internal chamber suitable for containing a process fluid, surrounded by a pressure-resistant body (1) equipped with weep-holes (2), consisting of a material subject to corrosion by contact with said process fluid during operation, coated inside with an anticorrosive lining (4) made up of several elements welded to each other, wherein said lining weldings (3) are completely isolated from contact with the process fluid of the normal operating run, by a coating with adjoining strips (or plates) (10, 10', 10", 10'''), of the same material as said lining (4) or other corrosion-resistant material weldable thereto, which are subsequently seal-welded on the edges to said lining (4) and to each other, characterized in that the arrangement and welding of the edges of these strips (10, 10', 10", 10''') are such as to create a network of underlying interstices (or meati) (9, 11), communicating with each other and with at least one weep-hole (2).
Abstract:
Procedure for the low-risk and zero-emission transportation of sulphur from solid sulphur deposits, in blocks of large dimensions, characterized in that it comprises the formation of blocks of sulphur, having suitable dimensions for being moved, by means of water cut techniques and the wrapping of the blocks obtained in polyethylene sheets.
Abstract:
Process for the conversion of heavy feestocks such as heavy crude oils, tars from oil sands and distillation residues, by the combined use of the following three process units: hydroconversion with catalysts in slurry phase (HT), distillation or flash (D), deasphalting (SDA), characterized in that the three units operate on mixed streams consisting of fresh charge and recycled streams, by the use of the following steps: sending at least one fraction of the heavy feedstock to a deasphalting section (SDA) in the presence of hydrocarbon solvents obtaining two streams, one consisting of deasphalted oil (DAO), the other of asphalts; mixing the asphalt with a suitable hydrogenation catalyst and optionally with the remaining fraction of heavy charge not sent to the deasphalting section and sending the mixture obtained to a hydro-treatment reactor (HT) into which hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and H2S is charged; sending the stream containing the hydro-treatment reaction product and the catalyst in dispersed phase to one or more distillation or flash steps (D) whereby the most volatile fractions are separated, among which the gases produced in the hydro-treatment reaction; recycling at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 95%, of the distillation residue (tar) or liquid leaving the flash unit, containing the catalyst in dispersed phase, rich in metallic sulfides produced by demetallation of the charge and possibly coke, to the deasphalting zone
Abstract:
Tube bundle apparatus for thermal exchange operations at high pressures and temperatures, under conditions of high aggressiveness of the process fluids, wherein the tube bundle comprises a series of tubes (4) whose internal wall is essentially constituted by a material selected from titanium, zirconium or an alloy of one of these, resistant to the aggression of said fluids, in which at least one of the access chambers to the tube bundle is DELIMITED by a wall comprising at least the following three metallic layers in succession: a) an external layer (21) suitable for tolerating the pressure load, subject to corrosion by contact with said highly aggressive process fluid; b) an intermediate layer (22) made of stainless steel; (c) an anticorrosive lining (23) in contact with said highly corrosive fluid, consisting of a material selected from titanium, zirconium or an alloy of one of these. Said apparatus is particularly used as ex- changer/reactor, for example as a stripper, in the high pressure cycle of synthesis processes of urea.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for repairing and restoring the functionality of equipment subjected to internal corrosion during its operation at high or medium pressure in a plant for the synthesis of urea. This method comprises: 1) the cleaning of the corroded area; 2) the formation, in the cleaned area, of suitable supporting and/or holding surfaces for the placement of new metallic lining; 3) the formation of new, anticorrosive, sealed off lining, obtained by positioning and welding flat elements and metallic plates suitably shaped and placed next to each other to become adapted to the internal profile of the equipment, so that the spaces and interstices below this new lining, all communicate with at least one weep-hole present in the pressure-resistant body. The entire repair is carried out through the manhole of the equipment and enables the restoring of its functionality for times similar to the normal duration of corresponding newly-constructed equipment.
Abstract:
A process is described for the zero emission storage of sulphur, using a storage tank made up of one or more levels, characterized in that said storage tank, having an impermeable bottom, essentially consists of reinforced EPS (expanded polystyrene) panels.
Abstract:
Integrated process for the production of alkyl and alkenyl substituted aromatic compounds which comprises simultaneously dehydrogentaing in a reactor-regenerator system a mixture containing an alkyl and an aromatic alkyl hydrocarbon coming from an alkylation unit and recycling the dehydrogenated alkyl hydrocarbon thus produced, after separation, to the alkylation unit.
Abstract:
Process for selectively removing oxygenated contaminants from streams prevalently containing hydrocarbons with from 3 to 8 carbon atoms characterized in that it comprises an adsorption step wherein said contaminants are adsorbed by an adsorbent essentially consisting of silica gel at a temperature of between 0 and 150 DEG C and a pressure of between 1 and 20 atms and a regeneration step for removing the adsorbed substances by thermal treatment in a stream of inert gas carried out at a temperature of between 100 and 200 DEG C.