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公开(公告)号：DE1170009B
公开(公告)日：1964-05-14
申请号：DEI0015215
申请日：1958-08-09
Applicant: IBM DEUTSCHLAND
Inventor： YOUNG DONALD REEDER
Abstract: 920,008. Superconductor circuits. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Dec. 24, 1959 [Dec. 24, 1958], No. 43831/59. Class 40 (9). Two superconductive gate conductors 24, 26 are connected in parallel to a source 20 of constant current i2 and are self-biased by control coils 25, 27 connected in series with the conductors. The current i2 normally divides equally between the two branches as an increase in the current in one branch tends to drive the corresponding gate conductor more resistive. A signal current i1 in control coils 30, 31 aids the bias from coil 25 and opposes the bias from coil 27 to unbalance the circuit. There is a substantially linear relation between the signal current and the current in each branch. Two or more amplifiers may be connected in cascade. Specification 862,178 is referred to.
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：DE1034687B
公开(公告)日：1958-07-24
申请号：DEI0009381
申请日：1954-11-16
Applicant: IBM DEUTSCHLAND
Inventor： YOUNG DONALD REEDER , FUNK HOWARD LEROY
Abstract: 756,908. Circuits employing multi-stable ferroelectric elements. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Nov. 12, 1954 [Nov. 17, 1953], No. 32809/54. Class 40 (4). [Also in Group XIX] A counter comprises a ferroelectric capacitor capable of assuming a multiplicity of stable states of polarization between two limits, means for polarizing the capacitor to one of the limiting states, means for applying information representing quantified pulses to the capacitor to cause it to exist at an intermediate state between the limits, and means for producing an indication of the information stored. Positive input pulses on a lead 14, Fig. 2, are standardized in amplitude and duration by a device 15 so that a pre-arranged number n-1 of such pulses are required to cause complete reversal of polarization of a ferroelectric storage element 10 from state b, Fig. 1, to state a. During the first n-1 pulses insufficient voltage is developed at the point 11 to affect a one-shot multivibrator 17, but the element 10 presents only a low capacitance to the nth pulse, and sufficient voltage is then developed to trigger the multivibrator 17 and produce a single output pulse on lead 18. This pulse is also applied to a cathode follower 19 which supplies a pulse to the opposite plate of the capacitor 10 sufficient to return the element to its initial state b of polarization. In an alternative arrangement, instead of returning the ferroelectric element 20, Fig. 3, to its initial state, the nth pulse reverses a bi-stable flip-flop 23 which, through lines 32, 33, reverses the bias on diodes 28, 30 to cause subsequent input pulses from a quantifying circuit 36 to be applied to the opposite side of the ferroelectric element 20 and, so step the polarization in the opposite direction. The 2nth pulse returns the input pulses to the initial channel, and so on. Subtraction and addition can be performed by selectively applying input pulses to the upper -and lower plates respectively of the ferroelectric element. Various methods of reading out the stored amount are described including " rolling out " by applying a series of n pulses, or applying a large pulse and observing the voltage developed across resistor 13, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 shows a pulse quantifying circuit. A bias 54 normally holds a ferroelectric capacitor 50 in a polarization state d, Fig. 1. A positive count pulse, applied to terminal 51, drives the capacitor 50 to state c. At this time, a predetermined quantified pulse is developed due to the flow of electrons from a condenser 55 towards the point 52. This positive pulse passes a diode 56 and is applied to a counter of the type described above. At the termination of the input pulse, current flows through a resistor 53 to recharge the capacitor 50 in its opposite limiting sense.
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公开(公告)号：DE1030066B
公开(公告)日：1958-05-14
申请号：DEI0009181
申请日：1954-09-29
Applicant: IBM DEUTSCHLAND
Inventor： YOUNG DONALD REEDER
Abstract: 780,659. Electronic counting apparatus; pattern-movement stepping registers. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Sept. 28, 1954 [Oct. 1, 1953], No. 27961/54. Class 106 (1). [Also in Group XXXIX] A counter circuit comprises a series of ferroelectric storage elements each capable of assuming two alternate stable states of polarization, means for initially causing one of the elements to assume one of the table states, selectively activated switch means coupling adjacent elements in the series, and advancing means comprising a pair of conductors connected respectively to alternate storage elements and alternately subjected to the pulses to be counted. The switching means comprise gas-filled tubes SO ... S9 of the type described in Specification 752,566, wherein conduction occurs between internal electrodes a and b when an RF signal is applied to an external electrode d. All the ferroelectric elements FO ... F9 are initially in a state of polarization represented by the point " b " in Fig. 1. A negative setting pulse applied at a terminal 3 changes the state of polarization of the ferroelectric element FO from b to c and, upon termination of the pulse, leaves it in state a. The pulses to be counted are applied to a trigger unit 23 which delivers corresponding output pulses alternately to blocking oscillators 21 and 22 giving rise to alternate negative pulses on lines A and B respectively. Line A is connected to even-numbered elements FO, F2, F4, F6, F8, while line B is connected to odd-numbered elements F1 F3, F5, F7, F9. Similarly, switching tubes S1, S3, S5, S7, S9 are connected to points in a coaxial line L at even multiples of quarter wavelength distances from a source of radio frequency energy 5, while tubes SO, S2, 84, S6, S8 are connected to points at odd multiples of quarter wavelengths from the source and the termination. When tubes T1 and T2 are non-conductive the line L is terminated by an open circuit and a standing wave of energy developed by the source 5 has maximum voltage points at the connections to oddnumbered tubes S1, S3 ... , &c. A positive counting pulse on the line 24 renders the tube T1 conductive and short-circuits the termination of line L so that maximum voltage points are now at the connections to even-numbered tubes SO, S2 ... , &c. As a negative pulse from the blocking oscillator 21 drives the element FO from state a to d it provides a low resistance path for the negative pulse to be applied through the conductive switch SO to the next element F1 driving this from point b to c. When the counting pulse terminates the element F0 returns to its " clear " state b while the element F1 returns from c to a. The second counting pulse is delivered to line B alone so that the switch tubes S1, S3 ... , &c. are now conductive and the " marked " state of element F 1 is transferred through tube S to the element F2. This process continues until tube F9 becomes marked and the tenth pulse transfers this state back to the element FO and also to a carry pulse storage element Fc. A negative carry testing pulse applied to terminal 30 at an appropriate time, serves to transfer the carry to the next higher order. If no " carry " has been registered in the element Fc, the latter presents a relatively high impedance to the testing pulse and thus prevents operation of the AND gate 31. - Resetting of the counter is performed by moving a switch 15 to apply negative potential to both lines A and B simultaneously. Movement of the switch also removes negative bias from the grid of a valve T2 allowing it to become conductive and form, with the cathode resistor RL a characteristic impedance terminating the coaxial line L. Thus all the switches SO ... S9 are rendered conductive and all ferroelectric elements FO ... F9 are cleared to state b. The apparatus could also be used as a shifting register, the terminal 3 then forming the data entry point.
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公开(公告)号：DE1026995B
公开(公告)日：1958-03-27
申请号：DEI0009372
申请日：1954-11-13
Applicant: IBM DEUTSCHLAND
Inventor： YOUNG DONALD REEDER
IPC: G11C11/22
Abstract: 790,422. Electrical digital data storage apparatus. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Nov. 12, 1954 [Nov. 17, 1953], No. 32810/54. Class 106 (1). [Also in Groups XXXIX and XL (a)] A memory system comprises a matrix of binary storage elements X 1 , Y 1 , X 2 , Y 2 . . . and a pair of cathode-ray tubes Sx, Sy having secondary emissive targets 10 and secondary emission collectors 17, the targets of the two tubes being respectively connected to the rows and columns of the matrix, the beams being deflected to select a desired X n Y m co-ordinate and for applying different potentials to the collectors of the two tubes (since V10 is tied to V17 and 17 are connected to flip-flop 26) so as to produce a potential difference of one sign for writing and of the opposite sign for reading at the position X n Y m . The beams are turned on only when the scanning regimes reach the desired X n Y m co-ordinates and are turned off at other times. The memory storage system comprises a plurality of ferro-electric capacitors having four stable states of polarization, two of which are utilized to represent the stored information in terms of binary numbers " one " and " zero; " a barium titanate crystal as dielectric will give the capacitor ferro-electric properties. The two binary states can be distinguished by (a) comparison with a fixed value standard capacitor or preferably (b) by the magnitude of the output current produced by the read-out pulse. In one form, Fig. 2, a single dielectric crystal F is used having two sets of parallel lines X, Y, formed by etching or deposition, on opposite sides thereof respectively, the elementary ferro-electric capacitors being formed where the X, Y lines cross. In writing, the beams of the two cathode-ray switch tubes are turned on by a positive pulse applied to 35 and the beams are deflected to the desired coordinates X 1 , Y 1 of the elementary capacitor to be stored. Two pulses, one of voltage E E amplitude + - and the other of - - are thus 2 2 applied simultaneously to capacitor X 1 , Y 1 by the electron beams and a binary " one" is stored in this capacitor, E being the coercive force. The beams are now cut off and the targets return to ground potential. To ensure that the tube targets 10 are at the correct potentials they are made secondary emissive, grids 17 collecting the secondaries; it is shown that the potentials of 10 follow those of 17, and the potentials of 17 which are equal and opposite are determined by flip-flop 26. The deflecting plates 15, 16 are energized by sawtooth or staircase scanning waveforms and the scanning frequency of Sy is made to be n times the scanning frequency of Sx, where n is the number of columns of the storage matrix, so that all the targets of tube Sy are scanned while the beam in tube Sx is positioned at one target. For reading a pulse is applied to 28 to alter the condition of the flip-flop, and the beams are then turned E on by a pulse to 35. A voltage of - - is now 2 E applied to X 1 and + - to Y 1 , by the respective 2 beams and an output representing the binary " one " is obtained across capacitor 20, or no output results for a binary " zero." Alternatively the reading may be achieved by sensing the current flow in the circuits of collectors 17. In a modification, Fig. 3, there are a plurality of separate ferro-electric capacitors F connected as shown to rows of double leads X and columns of single leads Y. The double leads X are wound oppositely at one end on magnetic core 40 and a secondary winding 45 deriving the output. Reading and writing are effected as in Fig. 2. A number of cathode-ray tubes of the form shown can be used to control and drive the co-ordinate channels of a plurality of matrices of the form of Figs. 2 or 3, as described with reference to Fig. 4 (not shown) for a serial type system, e.g. one using a cubical array of matrices. Paralleltype operation is also possible, a separate flipflop being provided for each matrix.
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公开(公告)号：DE1013318B
公开(公告)日：1957-08-08
申请号：DEI0008694
申请日：1954-05-25
Applicant: IBM DEUTSCHLAND
Inventor： YOUNG DONALD REEDER , SCHULTZ GERALD LEROY , JUN RALPH BENJAMIN DELANO
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公开(公告)号：DE961314C
公开(公告)日：1957-04-04
申请号：DEI0009182
申请日：1954-09-30
Applicant: IBM DEUTSCHLAND
Inventor： YOUNG DONALD REEDER
IPC: G11C11/22
Abstract: 752,993. Piezo-electric crystal holders. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Sept. 28, 1954 [Oct. 1, 1953], No. 27959/54. Class 40 (8). [Also in Group XIX] In a ferro-electric data-storage system (see Group XIX) a storage capacitor F1 is maintained in close physical contact with a second capacitor F2 by the mechanical mounting arrangement shown in Fig. 3b. An interrogation pulse applied to the capacitor F2 causes, by piezoelectric effect, pressure to be exerted on the storage capacitor F1 which develops an output voltage representative of the binary digit stored therein. A conductive coating 25, Fig. 3a, of aluminium or other metal is applied to each surface of a crystal of barium titanate by evaporation or other suitable processes. The crystals are held between insulating blocks 26 and maintained in contact with one another by pressure exerted by a coil spring 27 which is adjusted by means of a screw 28. The terminals of the capacitors are connected to the circuit leads by spring contacts 11, 13 and 20.
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