Abstract:
A hydrogenolysis method for converting glycerol into propylene glycol by directing a glycerol containing feed having a pH of 10 or more to a reaction section including at least one glycerol conversion catalyst and operating at glycerol conversions conditions to form a reaction product including propylene glycol.
Abstract:
An apparatus and process are presented for drying a catalyst in a reactor-regenerator system. The process includes a continuous operating system with catalyst circulating between a reactor and regenerator, and the catalyst is dried before returning the catalyst to the reactor. The process uses air that is split between the drying stage and the combustion stage without adding equipment outside of the regenerator, minimizing energy, capital cost, and space requirements.
Abstract:
An apparatus and process are disclosed for catalytically converting two feed streams. The feed to a first catalytic reactor may be contacted with product from a second catalytic reactor to effect heat exchange between the two streams and to transfer catalyst from the product stream to the feed stream. The feed to the second catalytic reactor may be a portion of the product from the first catalytic reactor.
Abstract:
Methods (10, 110, 210) of hydrocracking hydrocarbon streams (12, 112, 212) are provided that employ substantially liquid-phase continuous hydroprocessing conditions. In one aspect, the method includes a separate hydrotreating and hydrocracking system where the hydrocracking zone (24) is a substantially liquid-phase continuous system. In another aspect, the method includes a two stage hydrocracking system where one or both of the hydrocracking zones (113, 124) (213, 224) are a substantially liquid-phase continuous reaction system.
Abstract:
A catalytic hydrocracking process wherein a liquid phase stream comprising a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock (1), a liquid phase effluent from a hydrocracking zone (16), and hydrogen in a sufficiently low hydrogen concentration to maintain a liquid phase continuous system is fed into a hydrotreating zone (4) to produce a first hydrocarbonaceous stream comprising hydrocarbons having a reduced level of sulfur and nitrogen. The resulting hydrocarbons having a reduced level of sulfur and nitrogen are introduced into a hydrocracking zone (13) with a sufficiently low hydrogen concentration to maintain a liquid phase continuous system to produce a hydrocracking zone effluent (16) which provides lower boiling range hydrocarbons.
Abstract:
Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor (5) and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus to produce alkynes are described. The method includes combusting fuel and an oxidizer in a combustion zone to create a carrier gas stream, which is accelerated to supersonic speed in an expansion zone. A feedstock material is injected into a feedstock injection zone using two or more pluralities of injection nozzles. The injection nozzles are arranged annularly. The carrier gas stream is transitioned from supersonic speed to subsonic speed to create a shockwave in a reaction zone. The reaction zone is directly connected to the feedstock injection zone, and the shockwave is created adjacent to the feedstock injection zone. The carrier gas stream and the feedstock material are simultaneously mixed and reacted. Q)~ coN No CN ) C N C co 0)
Abstract:
Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR A CONTINUOUS REGENERATION OF A CATALYST WHEREIN THE REGENERATION SECTION INCLUDES AT LEAST TWO SEPARATE ZONES. THE REGENERATION INCLUDES AN UPPER COMBUSTION ZONE (32), AND AN LOWER COMBUSTION ZONE (34), WHERE THE PROCESS UTILIZES AT LEAST TWO INDEPENDENT REGENERATION GAS LOOPS (50,60) FOR CONTROL OF THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN TO REGENERATE THE CATALYST. THE UPPER COMBUSTION ZONE (32) CAN BE DIVIDED INTO MULTIPLE ZONES, AND THE COMBUSTION ZONE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO MULTIPLE ZONES.