Abstract:
Polymeric ammonium compounds are disclosed which have a silica-type backbone, comprised of units having the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a group ##STR2## in which R.sup.5 is an alkylene grouping and the free valencies of the oxygen atoms are saturated by silicon atoms of further groups (2), if appropriate with incroporation of crosslinking agents, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the meaning of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, cycloalkyl group or the benzyl group, X represents a 1- to 3-valent anion of a protonic acid which forms stable salts with amine bases and x can be a number from 1 to 3. Also disclosed are processes for preparing the polymeric ammonium compounds and to the use of these materials as ion exchange materials.
Abstract:
The invention relates to Method of removing dissolved organic carbons from raw water, containing suspended and/or colloidal matter in a suspended ion exchange process, comprising the steps of: -feeding the water into a plug flow reactor at a rate of at least 500m 3 /h preferably at least 1000m 3 /h, -adding an anion exchange material to the liquid at the inlet of the reactor, -suspending the anion exchange material in the water, -transporting the water and the suspended anion exchange material under plug flow conditions to an outlet of the reactor after a predetermined residence time, -feeding the water and the suspended anion exchange material to a separator and -feeding treated water and anion exchange material from a reactor outlet to a separator, wherein -the concentration of the anion exchange material in the reactor is smaller than than 20 ml/l, and -the residence time of the anion exchange material in the reactor is lower 30 minutes.
Abstract:
A composition for filling an ion exchange membrane, a method of preparing the ion exchange membrane, the filled ion exchange membrane, and a redox flow battery using the filled ion exchange membrane. The composition includes an ion conductive material and a water soluble support.
Abstract:
Preparations and uses are shown for novel crystalline aluminates which conform generally to the empirical formulaMgA.sub.a.sup.v Z.sub.b.sup.v.nAl(OH).sub.3.mH.sub.2 Owhere A and Z represent negative-valence ions or radicals selected from the group comprising hydroxyl, halide, inorganic acid, and organic acid,n is a value of from about 1 to about 2,v is a negative valence of 1, 2, or 3,a and b each have values of from zero to 2,with (va)+(vb) equal to 2, andwith m being a value of zero or more.
Abstract:
Preparations and uses are shown for novel crystalline aluminates which conform generally to the empirical formulaMgA.sub.a.sup.v Z.sub.b.sup.v.nAl(OH).sub.3.mH.sub.2 OwhereinA and Z represent negative-valence ions or radicals selected from the group comprising hydroxyl, halide, inorganic acid, and organic acid,n is a value of from about 1 to about 2,v is a negative valence of 1, 2, or 3,a and b each have values of from zero to 2, with (va)+(vb) equal to 2, and withm being a value of zero or more.
Abstract:
Improvements are made in the process wherein Li.sup.+ values are recovered from dilute aqueous solution by the use of an anion exchange resin composite containing crystalline LiX.2Al(OH).sub.3, where X is halide. The improvements derive from enriching the Li.sup.+ containing solution with a non-competing metal salt (e.g., NaCl) prior to the Li.sup.+ removal, thereby achieving higher Li.sup.+ loading of the resin composite and obtaining more concentrated eluates.
Abstract:
Magnesium values are selectively recovered from salt brines, even salt brines which contain competing ions such as Li.sup.+, Ca.sup.++, and Sr.sup.++, by contacting the brine with an anion exchange resin which has dispersed therein a microcrystalline structure of the formula MgX.sub.2.2Al(OH).sub.3, where X is a halide.