Abstract:
Methods are provided for producing a reduced propionic acid content acrylic acid product having a propionic acid content comparable to acrylic acid products from the conventional two stage oxidation of propylene, but wherein the acrylic acid has been produced by oxidation of propane, by dehydration of glycerol to an acrolein intermediate and oxidation of the acrolein intermediate to acrylic acid, by dehydration of lactic acid or one or more lactate esters or by any combination of these source processes and otherwise is characterized by having excess propionic acid compared to a glacial acrylic acid conventionally prepared from propylene.
Abstract:
Processes are described for improved utilization of the byproduct acetic acid universally produced in various oxidative processes for making acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, wherein at least a portion of the byproduct acetic acid is converted to isobutene and optionally to one or more further value-added products which may be prepared from isobutene.
Abstract:
5-(hydroxymethyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde (HMF)-sulfonates and a method of preparing the same are described. The method involves reacting a mixture of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), with at least one of a) a trifluoromethanesulfonate anhydride (triflate), b) a p -toluene-sulfonyl halide (tosylate), and c) methane-sulfonyl halide (mesylate), and a reagent of either 1) a nucleophilic base or 2) a combination of a non-nucleophilic base and a nucleophile. The HMF-sulfonates (e.g., triflate, tosylate, mesylate, etc. analogs of HMF) can serve as precursor materials from which various derivative compounds can be synthesized.
Abstract:
A process is described for the acid-catalyzed dehydration of a sugar alcohol, wherein the catalyst comprises a water-tolerant Lewis acid. In particular embodiments, the catalyst comprises a homogeneous water-tolerant Lewis acid, especially a homogeneous Lewis acid selected from the group consisting of bismuth (III) triflate, gallium (III) triflate, scandium (III) triflate, aluminum triflate, tin (II) triflate and indium (III) triflate. Such catalysts are effective for dehydrating both of sorbitol and the 1,4-sorbitan dehydration precursor of isosorbide, and bismuth (III) triflate particularly is beneficial for dehydrating mannitol to isomannide.
Abstract:
Isohexide monotriflate compounds and a method of preparing the same are described. The method involves reacting a mixture of an isohexide, a trifluoromethanesulfonate anhydride, and either 1) a nucleophilic base or 2) a combination of a non-nucleophilic base and a nucleophile. The isohexide monotriflate compounds can serve as precursor materials from which various derivative compounds can be synthesized.
Abstract:
Described herein is a method to increase ethanol yield during alcoholic fermentation by expression a truncated versions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHO8 gene coding for vacuolar or cytosolic form of alkaline phosphatase, which expression lowers biomass accumulation while diverting greater carbon to ethanol production. Also described are as nucleic acid sequences and vectors for expression of the PHO8 gene and strains carrying the same. Strains containing intact PHO8 gene encoding vacuolar form of alkaline phosphatase, had slightly lower intracellular ATP levels with insignificant changes in biomass accumulation and up to 13% increase in ethanol production.
Abstract:
A process is described for making a product mixture including isobutene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 2-methyl-1-butene and 2-methyl-2-butene from a mixture of acetic acid and propionic acid through reaction in the presence of a source of hydrogen and of a mixed oxide catalyst, for example, a Zn x Zr y O z mixed oxide catalyst. A variety of commercially valuable products may be made in turn from the various C 3 , C 4 and C 5 constituents of the product mixture
Abstract translation:描述了一种通过乙酸和丙酸的混合物制备包括异丁烯,丙烯,1-丁烯,2-丁烯,2-甲基-1-丁烯和2-甲基-2-丁烯的产物混合物的方法, 存在氢源和混合氧化物催化剂,例如Zn x ZrO 2混合氧化物催化剂。 可以从产品混合物的各种C3,C4和C5组分依次制备各种商业上有价值的产品
Abstract:
Zn x Zr y O z mixed oxide catalysts having improved stability for the conversion of ethanol to isobutene are described, together with methods for making such catalysts.
Abstract translation:描述了具有改进的将乙醇转化为异丁烯的稳定性的Zn x Zn y O z混合氧化物催化剂,以及制备这种催化剂的方法。
Abstract:
An improved, high yielding process is disclosed for making bisglycidyl ether derivatives of isosorbide, isomannide and/or isoidide, wherein up to quantitative yields overall are demonstrated. In another related aspect, a process is disclosed for making novel monoallyl, monoglycidyl ether derivatives or a combination of monoallyl, monoglycidyl ether derivatives and bisglycidyl ether derivatives via the same diallyl isohexide intermediate.