Abstract:
A fire tube boiler includes a perforated flame holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
Abstract:
A down-fired flame burner including a flame charger and one or more field electrodes configured to control flame shape and/or heat transfer to a chemical reactor is presented. Also described is a method for providing process heat includes projecting a down-fired flame in a heating volume, electrically charging the flame to carry a majority charge, and applying an electric field proximate the down-fired flame to control flame shape, heat transfer from the flame, or flame shape and heat transfer from the flame, and applying heat from the flame to a chemical reactor.
Abstract:
A premixed fuel and air combustion system includes an anti-flashback electrode configured to repel a charge concentration in a combustion fluid and reduce or prevent the flame from flashing back into a mixer.
Abstract:
A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).
Abstract:
A perforated flame holder and burner including a perforated flame holder provides reduced oxides of nitrogen (NOx) during operation. The perforated flame holder includes a pattern of elongated apertures extending between a proximal and a distal surface of the flame holder relative to a fuel nozzle. The perforated flame holder can provide a significantly reduced flame height while maintaining heat output from the burner.
Abstract:
An apparatus for enhancing flame radiation includes a flame charging system and an electrically isolated electrode. A time-varying voltage is applied to the flame charging system and the flame charging system imparts a corresponding time-varying charge or time-varying voltage onto the flame. The flame responds to the time-varying charge or voltage by increasing its luminosity.