Abstract:
A digital accelerometer comprising a linear analog accelerometer (20) and a digitizer (40). The analog accelerometer includes a housing (22) and conductor means (28) extending outside the housing, and is adapted to produce on the conductor means an analog signal representing linear acceleration along one axis. A casing (70) is positioned against the housing so as to form a substantially enclosed space between the housing and the casing. The digitizer is located within such enclosed space and receives the analog signal and produces a corresponding digital signal. Interface means (96) may also be positioned within the enclosed space for receiving the analog signal and producing a second analog signal that is input to the digitizer. The digital signal produced by the digitizer may be conveyed to a location outside the enclosed space and housing by a flexible strip (80) of insulating material having a plurality of conductive strips embedded therein. In a preferred embodiment, the interface means includes an interface circuit (R1, C1) operative to determine the magnitude of the second analog signal resulting from a particular first analog signal, whereby the dynamic range of the digital accelerometer can be modified by modifying only the interface circuit.
Abstract:
A transducer assembly includes first and second stators (14, 16) which are axially aligned with, and bear upon opposite sides of a proof mass (12). The stators (14, 16) and proof mass (12) are clamped together by means of a sleeve (100) having a side portion (102) with spaced apart upper and lower flanges (104, 106) extending therefrom. The flanges (104, 106) bear against receiving surfaces on the stators with the sleeve under elastic deformation such that a compression force tending to reduce the spacing between the flanges (104, 106) is transmitted to the stators (14, 16) and a proof mass (12) as a controlled compressive axial preload.
Abstract:
A data acquisition system (18) for use in an aircraft flight data recorder (10) receives multiple analog (12) and discrete signals (14) representative of various aircraft parameters. A single address command from the fligth data recorder (10) central processing unit (CPU) (24) causes a first multiplexer (56) to select a set of analog signals. Each selected analog signal is amplified (61, 62, 63) by a gain factor under CPU (24) control and passed to track-and-hold circuitry (71, 72, 73) which holds a level of the amplified analog signal upon receipt of a suitable command. The held analog signal levels are passed to a second multiplexer (80) which also receives a set of discrete signals selected by a third multiplexer (84) in response to a CPU (24) address command. A control sequencer (96) sequentially passes each signal at the input of the second multiplexer (80) through an analog-to-digital converter (90) with the resultant digital signal being loaded into memory (92). After either all the selected and processed analog signals or the selected discrete signals have been analog-to-digital converted and stored in memory, the control sequencer (96) issues an interrupt signal to the CPU (24).
Abstract:
A thermal actuator (10) utilizes a bimetallic snap action member such as a disc (12) to actuate a member such as the armature (28) of a switch to effect opening and closing of the switch. A resilient biasing member (36), such as an elongated curved spring member or a compressible member, engages the bimetallic member (12) on a side opposite that of the actuated member to oppose the force exerted by the actuated member during the operation of the actuator.
Abstract:
A compact torque motor providing bi-directional, limited angle reactionless torque to opposed structures. A motor (10, 150) includes an X-shaped core (12), and first and second pole pieces (14 and 16), which are disposed at opposite sides of the core. Two opposed legs on the X-shaped core (12) comprise a first core section (18), which is transverse to a similar second core section (20). A first electromagnetic coil (22) is formed on the first core section and a second electromagnetic coil (24) on the second core section. When the first and second electromagnetic coils are alternately energized, tabs (38, 40, 44, and 46) disposed approximate the ends of the first and second pole pieces are attracted to the resulting magnetic poles (26 and 28, 30 and 32), causing the pole pieces to counter-rotate back and forth about a central axis (48). Magnetic flux developed by the first and second electromagnetic coils is conveyed through the tabs and the first and second pole pieces between the opposite magnetic poles. Since the pole pieces are lightweight, rotational inertia of the motor is very low, and its efficiency relatively high.
Abstract:
Flexures, and a method for creating flexures, for use in micromechanical sensors such as accelerometers in which a first member (124) is pivotally connected to a second member (126). In one aspect, the invention provides first and second flexures (108, 118) connecting the first and second members, the flexures permitting rotation about a common hinge axis (128). The flexures have a crossed configuration that provides increased stability. Each flexure is made by etching grooves (100, 102, 110, 112) in the opposite wafer surfaces, the positions and depths of the grooves being selected so as to form a flexure therebetween.
Abstract:
A dual vibrating beam force transducer having an electrostatic drive system. The transducer comprises a body (12) having first and second generally parallel beams (20, 22), coupled together at their ends. First and second electrodes (14, 16) are positioned adjacent to but not in contact with the respective beams. A drive circuit (18) causes an oscillating voltage to be applied to the electrodes. The beams are thus subjected to electrostatic forces that cause the beams to oscillate in a vibration plane containing both beams. The mechanical resonance of the beams controls the oscillation frequency, such that the frequency is a function of a force exerted along the beams. An embodiment is also described in which the drive means is coupled directly to one of the beams.
Abstract:
Thermal actuators having a low temperature differential generally have a weak snap action. To overcome the problem, a snap action thermal actuator (10) utilizes a pair of mechanically coupled bimetallic members (12, 14) having different temperature characteristics to provide a fast and positive snap action thermal actuator even when a low temperature differential is required. The actuator is particularly useful for controlling the operation of electrical contacts (20, 22) in a thermal switch.
Abstract:
A matched pair of vibrating beam force transducers (28, 30) for use in an instrument such as an accelerometer, to provide enhanced linearity and common mode tracking, while decreasing the possibility of lock in or cross-talk between the transducers. In a preferred embodiment, first and second transducers are provided, the transducers producing respective first and second output signals having respective first and second frequencies. The transducers are connected in an arrangement in which for a given acceleration, one frequency increases and the other frequency decreases. The first transducer comprises a pair of first beams (52, 54), and the second transducer comprises a pair of second beams (52, 54). The beam dimensions are selected such that the Euler buckling constants of the first and second beams are substantially equal to one another, and such that the first and second frequencies are different from one another when the acceleration is zero and preferably are different from one another throughout the operating range of the accelerometer. In preferred arrangements, the transducer beams have a constant thickness, and the transducers have common axial stiffnesses.
Abstract:
A servo loop control for the dither drive of a Coriolis rate sensor is provided. The dither drive includes a pair of electromagnetic coils (70), which are alternately energized to dither a parallelogram frame (50), on which first and second accelerometers (20 and 22) are mounted with their sensitive axes antiparallel to each other. An LVDT position sensor (106) provides a feedback signal indicating the relative position of the two accelerometers or displacement of the parallelogram frame as it is dithered back and forth. The position signal is summed with a driving signal, amplified and summed with a velocity aiding signal and a velocity signal derived by differentiating the position signal. The resulting sum is amplified and again summed with an acceleration aiding input that includes compensation for a phase shift in the motion of the parallelogram frame relative to the driving force applied by the electromagnet coils, and for (I2 and 1/D2) nonlinearities where I is the current and D is the pole gap dimension (114). The sum of these signals is used to energize the electromagnetic coils, driving the parellelogram frame with a signal that causes it to dither in a pure sinusoidal fashion. Each of the critical frequencies used in the servo loop is phase locked to a common stable crystal reference frequency, and all components of the servo loop are powered by a common power supply. The servo loop provides improved frequency and phase stability and insensitivity to voltage fluctuations.