Abstract:
A method and an apparatus for treating and utilizing waste materials and mixtures thereof in multiple steps resulting in a high-yield utilization particularly of organic components of the waste for generating kinetically useful energy. The waste materials are sorted by classes, principally between organic and non-organic, e.g. metallic and ceramic, substances. The organic substances are briquetted and gasified, the produced gas being utilized for the direct and indirect generation of electricity and heat.
Abstract:
The present invention describes a process for the disposal of residual substances from waste incineration plants as well as activated coke and/or activated carbon. For this purpose the residual substance as well as activated coke and/or activated carbon is introduced into the annular shaft (3) of the primary chamber (2) of the furnace (1). In the primary chamber (2) a temperature of 1250.degree. C. to 1500.degree. C. is set. The molten material flowing off leaves the primary chamber (2) together with the flue gases through the central outlet (4). The molten material is passed through the secondary chamber (5) and is discharged as slag. The present invention furthermore describes an apparatus for such process, where in the furnace roof (10) of the primary chamber (2) of the furnace (1) one or several burners (7) are disposed and at one or several points (22) of the furnace roof (10) secondary air is introduced into the primary chamber (2) and at one or several points (23) of the furnace roof (10) tertiary air is introduced into the primary chamber (2).
Abstract:
A pulsed atmospheric fluidized bed reactor system is disclosed and claimed along with a process for utilization of same for the combustion of, e.g. high sulfur content coal. The system affords a economical, ecologically acceptable alternative to oil and gas fired combustors. The apparatus may also be employed for endothermic reaction, combustion of waste products, e.g. organic and medical waste, drying, calcining and the like.
Abstract:
The preferred embodiment of the invention disclosed herein includes apparatus for and the steps of separating glass, metal and other generally non-combustible material from refuse to provide a volume of generally combustible refuse, shreddingthe volume of combustible refuse into relatively small particles and mixing the particles with primary combustion air, which is used to convey the particles to a combustion chamber. Auxiliary burners are used to heat the combustion chamber to a predetermined temperature above which the particles are self-igniting and use of the burners is thereafter discontinued unless the temperature falls below the predetermined temperature. The particles are separated as they are injected into the combustion chamber with a cyclonic motion. In the combustion chamber the mixture is ignited and converted to combustion gases which flow through the chamber. The flow of secondary air is regulated to provide maximum combustion temperature for the particles and negative pressure is maintained in the chamber to control the flow rate of the gases and to assure that the gases are generally completely combusted. The combusted gases are exhausted to an associated device such as a steam boiler or other device using the heat energy and thereafter are exhausted to the atmosphere.
Abstract:
A method for processing material that contains biomass. The material is led onto a conveyor. The conveyor conveys the material to an apparatus for mechanical processing and/or to a further processing plant. The moisture content is measured and/or the size of pieces of non-combustible material and/or the content of non-combustible material in the material flow is measured in connection with the conveyor. Based on at least one of the measurements, material is conveyed to the material to be conveyed for further processing and/or to the apparatus for mechanical processing, or to at least one material to be conveyed elsewhere than to the further processing plant or the apparatus for mechanical processing. Also a system for processing material that contains biomass.
Abstract:
Improved combustion of biomass is achieved by injected first and second streams of biomass from a burner where the first stream of biomass has a median particle size larger than the biomass of the second stream and oxygen is injected with the first stream to provide an oxygen-enriched environment around the larger median sized particles. The oxygen-enriched environment is achieved either by injecting the oxygen directly into the first stream or by premixing the oxygen with the conveying air of the first stream.
Abstract:
A biomass pulverizing apparatus includes a pulverizing apparatus body including a feedstock supply pipe, the pulverizing apparatus body for supplying biomass feedstock from above in a vertical axial direction, a pulverizing table for placing the biomass feedstock, a drive section for rotationally driving the pulverizing table, a pulverizing roller for pulverizing the biomass feedstock by a pressing force, the pulverizing roller being operated in conjunction with the rotation of the pulverizing table, a blower unit for forming an upward flow upward from below on the outer peripheral side of the pulverizing table so as to jet conveying gas for conveying the pulverized biomass powder in an air stream, a classifier, the classifier for classifying the biomass powder accompanied with the conveying gas, and a blowing gas introduction section.
Abstract:
A municipal or like refuse is crushing, separating ferrous metals, mixing with crushed limestone, drying up and loading in furnace of pyrolysis. An electronic and electric scrap is crushing, drying up from surface water and warming on 2-4° C. above temperature of transporting air, divide into concoction nonferrous and precious metals and dielectric fraction, which go in furnace of pyrolysis by specified air, cleaned from dust and moistened up to 100% moisture by water. At mixing with dielectric fraction temperature of the air increases, relative moisture falls down to level, excluding condensation of moisture and spark formation in system. Pyrolysis is carried out under simultaneous neutralization of allocated hydrogen chloride by limestone with reception of calcium chloride. Gas allocated at pyrolysis condensing and dividing to water and organic phases (liquid fuel). Solid products of pyrolysis together with ash and slag supplied from landfill blade of heat power station, washing by specified water phase for dissolving of calcium chloride and extracting ions of heavy metals, then centrifuging. Filtrate and washing water cleanse from heavy metals. Solid products of pyrolysis move for incineration in combustion chamber. Combustion chamber slag, cleanse from heavy metals and not burned-out fuel in slag of heat power station, cool by air, which is then used in combustion chamber. Slag concrete products expose by the thermohumid processing by part of humid chimney gases after drying the calcium chloride, the other part gas is going to production of the carbonic acid.
Abstract:
Process for solid waste treatment, and particularly municipal solid waste, with recovery of the thermal energy, which is based on the general pyrolysis process modified in order to improve, on the one hand, the energy yield and, on the other, to reduce the quantity of unusable solid residues to be sent to the waste disposal, the unusable solid waste being limited to 10-15% of the total weight of the initial residue. The process and relative plant include a boosted treatment of the incoming waste, with a preliminary separation into three solid fractions, the first one of which is separately subjected to a preliminary drying step and the third one undergoes further shredding. The process and relative plant also include a section for recovering energy from the pyrolysis coke, wherein the latter is subjected to a thermochemical treatment with the production of a further quantity of synthesis gas.
Abstract:
A municipal or like refuse is crushing, mixing with crushed limestone, dry up in two stages—by hot air and by part of solid products of pyrolysis which other part goes on washing out and filtration. Pyrolysis is carried out in two stages—due to heat of the specified part of solid products of pyrolysis and simultaneous neutralization of allocated hydrogen chloride by limestone with reception of calcium chloride, and then due to heat of final chimney gases of the combustion chamber, where in three stages the washed solid products of pyrolysis preliminary drained by a part of combustion chamber slag are burnt together with liquid and gaseous products of pyrolysis. Gas allocated at pyrolysis condense and divide on organic, which is liquid fuel and water phases. Air after a dryer moves to blowing away of light organic substances from the specified water phase, is heated up due to heat of slag and moves in combustion chamber. Washing water goes on allocation of salts of heavy metals and calcium chloride, and slag after molding of a concrete mixture goes to the chamber of thermohumid processing of the slag concrete by a part of damp chimney gases after drying calcium chloride, other part of gases moves to manufacture of liquid carbon dioxide.