Abstract:
Es wird ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer nanostrukturierten, insbesondere keramikartigen Funktionsbeschichtung (17) auf einem Substrat (16) vorgeschlagen. Dazu wird mit wenigstens einer Plasmaquelle (11, 12) ein gepulstes Plasma (13, 14) erzeugt, mit dem auf dem Substrat (16) über einen Werkstoffeintrag eine Matrixphase (30) and mindestens eine, darin eingebettete nanoskalige Einlagerungsphase (31) abgeschieden wird. Bevorzugt wird eine Mehrzahl von zeitlich korreliert oder synchronisiert zueinander gepulsten Plasmaquellen (11, 12) verwendet. Weiter wird eine nanostrukturierte, insbesondere nach diesem Verfahren herstellbare Funktionsbeschichtung (17) vorgeschlagen, die frei von Chlor und/oder Schwefel ist, und die mindestens ein Metall und/oder mindestens ein Element ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Sauerstoff, Wasserstoff, Stickstoff, Kohlenstoff, Helium, Argon oder Neon enthält.
Abstract:
Techniques for deriving bone properties from images generated by a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry apparatus include receiving first image data having pixels indicating bone mineral density projected at a first angle of a plurality of projection angles. Second image data and third image data are also received. The second image data indicates bone mineral density projected at a different second angle. The third image data indicates bone mineral density projected at a third angle. The third angle is different from the first angle and the second angle. Principal moments of inertia for a bone in the subject are computed based on the first image data, the second image data and the third image data. The techniques allow high-precision, high-resolution dual-energy x-ray attenuation images to be used for computing principal moments of inertia and strength moduli of individual bones, plus risk of injury and changes in risk of injury to a patient.
Abstract:
A dual component density sampler determines at least one of a density of water and a density of oil in a mixture of oil and water extracted from an oil well during production. A three-way valve is coupled to the oil well, with the three-way valve having a first output port and second output port. A dual-in-single-out manifold is coupled to the first output port. A segregation tank separates the water and oil, and has an entrance tank and exit tank. An entrance of the entrance tank is coupled to the second output port, and an exit of the entrance tank is coupled to an entrance end of the exit tank. An exit end of the exit tank is coupled to the dual-in-single-out manifold. A coriolis meter is coupled to the dual-in-single-out manifold, and is configured to selectively measure a density of the fluid mixture, the oil, and the water.
Abstract:
There is provided a system for producing oil from a well bore extending through a fossil fuel reservoir. The system includes a plurality of perforations defined in the casing proximate the fossil fuel reservoir. A gas flow tube is in communication with the annulus volume of the casing proximate the wellhead. A gas valve is coupled to the gas flow tube, with the gas valve configured to selectively open and close the gas flow tube. A controller, is coupled to the gas valve, with the controller configured to control the opening and closing of the gas valve. The opening and closing of the gas valve maximizes the volumetric rate of oil flow into the annulus volume through the perforations from the reservoir by displacing liquid in the annulus volume with a gas volume between the gas valve and the perforations.
Abstract:
Methods and devices disclosed herein relate to the use of a band electrode to create a two-component current in an electrochemical sensor, preferably for use with a blood glucose monitor. The dimensions of the band electrode are smaller than that of the solution deposited on it, hence one component of the current will result from planar diffusion and the second from edge diffusion. By analyzing the plotted currents, both the concentration and the diffusion coefficient of the target analyte can be determined simultaneously, which offers an improved accuracy over the art in concentration measurement. Methods and devices disclosed herein also relate to the use of multiple band electrodes of different widths to increase the speed of measurement without adversely affecting accuracy. Methods and devices disclosed herein further relate to the use of alternating pulse voltages to measure the concentration of an analyte, taking advantage of the faster recovery time for the concentration profile. The alternating pulses also tend to perturb the concentration profile in only a thin diffusion layer, allowing various layers of the sample to be interrogated.
Abstract:
A system and method are provided for controlling the speed of a motor driving a load that is electrically connected to a generator driven by an engine, through use of a first control feedback loop configured to control the rotor flux of the motor by controlling the field excitation of the generator, and a second control feedback loop configured to control the speed of the motor by controlling the throttle position of the engine.
Abstract:
To reduce ionic contaminants on printed circuit boards that are at least partially covered with a solder resist mask and are provided with top layers on the copper structures, an aqueous cleaning solution is used, which contains at least one ethanolamine compound and/or the salt thereof, at least one alcoholic solvent and, at need, at least one guanidine compound and/or the salt thereof.
Abstract:
Bisherige Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Lochs in einem Bauteil sind sehr zeitaufwändig und kostenintensiv, da spezielle Laser mit kurzen Laserpulslängen verwendet werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren variiert die Laserpulslängen, wobei kurze Laserpulslängen nur in dem zu entfernenden Bereich verwendet werden, in dem sich ein Einfluss auf das Durch- bzw. Ausströmungsverhalten bemerkbar macht, und längere Pulslängen von > 0.4ms verwendet wird. Dies ist z.B. die innere Oberfläche (12) eines Diffusors (13) eines Lochs (7), das mit kurzen Laserpulslängen sehr genau hergestellt werden kann.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine interferometrische Messvorrichtung zum Vermessen von Schichtdicken von teiltransparenten Schichten auf Substraten, speziell von auf Kohlenstoff basierenden Verschleissschutzschichten, mit einer diese automatisch in ihrer Tiefenrichtung (Z) abtastenden Abtastvorrichtung, mittels derer eine Interferenzebene (IE) relativ zur Schichtstruktur verschiebbar ist, mit einem ein Weisslichtinterf erometer (WLI) und/oder ein wellenlängenscannendes Interf erometer (WLSI) aufweisenden Interf erometerteil (IT) . Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein entsprechendes Auswerteverfahren.
Abstract:
To reduce ionic contaminants on printed circuit boards that are at least partially covered with a solder resist mask and are provided with top layers on the copper structures, an aqueous cleaning solution is used, which contains at least one ethanolamine compound and/or the salt thereof, at least one alcoholic solvent and, at need, at least one guanidine compound and/or the salt thereof.