公开(公告)号：US11211587B2

公开(公告)日：2021-12-28

申请号：US16521837

申请日：2019-07-25

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Kwang Ohk Cheon ,  Aleksandr N. Polyakov ,  Chen-Yue Li ,  Chuan-Jung Lin ,  KiBeom Kim ,  Nai-Chih Kao ,  Rui Liu ,  Wendi Chang

IPC: H01L51/52 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01L51/56 ,  H01L27/32

Abstract: A display may have an array of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) pixels that each have OLED layers interposed between a cathode and an anode. Voltage may be applied to the anode of each pixel to control the magnitude of emitted light. The conductivity of the OLED layers may allow leakage current to pass between neighboring anodes in the display. To reduce leakage current and cross-talk, the thickness of at least one of the OLED layers may be reduced. To maintain the optical cavity of the pixels, transparent optical spacer structures may be inserted. Alternatively, the thickness of the anodes can be increased. To accommodate a common prime layer within the OLED layers, the optical spacers or anodes may be separately patterned to have different thicknesses. Grating structures and photonic crystal structures may be embedded as part of the optical spacers to help control emission at selected viewing angles.

公开(公告)号：US11164911B2

公开(公告)日：2021-11-02

申请号：US16649590

申请日：2018-09-24

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Chun-Yang Lu ,  Rui Liu ,  Lun Tsai

IPC: H01L27/32 ,  H01L51/52

Abstract: A display may have an array of pixels formed from organic light-emitting diodes and thin-film transistor circuitry. The organic light-emitting diodes may be interposed between a substrate (30) and a cover layer (70). The organic light-emitting diodes may be white light-emitting diodes (26) that emit white light that is filtered through a color filter array (76) to produce colored light. The color filter array may be located above or below the array of light-emitting diodes. A microcavity may be formed between the substrate (30) and each light-emitting diode (26). The microcavity may be formed from an anode (36) in the light-emitting diode and first (86) and second layers (78) with different refractive indices. The low-refractive-index layer may be formed from a color filter in the color filter array. Light from the light-emitting diode may resonate within the microcavity beneath each light-emitting diode before exiting the display as colored light.

公开(公告)号：US20200258950A1

公开(公告)日：2020-08-13

申请号：US16859904

申请日：2020-04-27

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Minhyuk Choi ,  Rui Liu ,  Cheng Chen ,  Chin-Wei Lin ,  Sang Y. Youn ,  Shih Chang Chang ,  Tsung-Ting Tsai

IPC: H01L27/32 ,  H01L31/0232 ,  H01L51/52 ,  G09G3/3233

Abstract: A display may have an array of pixels. Each pixel may have a light-emitting diode such as an organic light-emitting diode. The organic light-emitting diodes may each have an anode that is coupled to a thin-film transistor pixel circuit for controlling the anode. Transparent windows may be formed in the display. The windows may be formed by replacing data storage capacitors and other pixel circuit structures in a subset of the pixels with transparent window structures, by selectively removing portions of light-emitting diode anodes, and by shifting anodes. An array of electrical components such as an array of light sensors may be aligned with the transparent windows and may be used to measure light passing through the transparent windows.

公开(公告)号：US10658441B2

公开(公告)日：2020-05-19

申请号：US16114039

申请日：2018-08-27

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Kwang Ohk Cheon ,  Cheng Chen ,  Chien Lu ,  Chih-Lei Chen ,  Chin Wei Hsu ,  Hui Lu ,  KiBeom Kim ,  Lun Tsai ,  Meng-Huan Ho ,  Nai-Chih Kao ,  Pei-Ling Lin ,  Rui Liu ,  Shan-Jen Yu ,  Wendi Chang ,  Yusuke Fujino

IPC: H01L27/32 ,  H01L51/50 ,  G09G3/3225 ,  H01L51/56 ,  H01L51/52

Abstract: A display may have an array of pixels formed from organic light-emitting diodes and thin-film transistor circuitry. Each pixel may include organic layers interposed between an anode and a cathode. The organic layers may emit out-coupled light that escapes the display and waveguided light that is waveguided within the organic layers. A reflector may be placed at the edge of the organic layers to reflect the waveguided light out of the display. The reflector may be located within a pixel definition layer and may be formed from metal or may be formed from one or more interfaces between high-refractive-index material and low-refractive-index material. The reflector may be formed from an extended portion of the pixel anode. The reflector may be formed from light-reflecting particles that are suspended in the pixel definition layer.

公开(公告)号：US20190067394A1

公开(公告)日：2019-02-28

申请号：US16114039

申请日：2018-08-27

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Kwang Ohk Cheon ,  Cheng Chen ,  Chien Lu ,  Chih-Lei Chen ,  Chin Wei Hsu ,  Hui Lu ,  KiBeom Kim ,  Lun Tsai ,  Meng-Huan Ho ,  Nai-Chih Kao ,  Pei-Ling Lin ,  Rui Liu ,  Shan-Jen Yu ,  Wendi Chang ,  Yusuke Fujino

IPC: H01L27/32 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01L51/52 ,  H01L51/56 ,  G09G3/3225

Abstract: A display may have an array of pixels formed from organic light-emitting diodes and thin-film transistor circuitry. Each pixel may include organic layers interposed between an anode and a cathode. The organic layers may emit out-coupled light that escapes the display and waveguided light that is waveguided within the organic layers. A reflector may be placed at the edge of the organic layers to reflect the waveguided light out of the display. The reflector may be located within a pixel definition layer and may be formed from metal or may be formed from one or more interfaces between high-refractive-index material and low-refractive-index material, The reflector may be formed from an extended portion of the pixel anode. The reflector may be formed from light-reflecting particles that are suspended in the pixel definition layer.