Abstract:
A measuring-point setting unit 51 sets an arbitrary measuring point near a weld portion inside of steel material and assumes a virtual reflecting surface that includes the measuring point and is parallel to a weld line direction. An array-control calculating unit 52 transmits ultrasonic waves of a shear wave mode satisfying an arbitrary expression and focusing onto the measuring point via a coupling medium at a predetermined incident angle with respect to the virtual reflecting surface. An echo-height extracting unit 53 detects reflected waves of the transmitted ultrasonic waves at a boundary between a base metal portion and the weld portion. A controller 5 evaluates the shape of the weld portion based on the reflected waves.
Abstract:
According to the present invention, penetrators can be adequately determined as flaws. In particular, a welded zone 2 of a pipe 1 is subjected to ultrasonic flaw detection at least in a pipe axial direction, and the quality of the pipe is evaluated using observed values in units of a predetermined area in a pipe thickness direction and the pipe axial direction. The length of one side of the predetermined area is an ultrasound beam width or more and a pipe thickness or less. The quality of the pipe can be evaluated while shifting the predetermined area in the pipe axial direction by using an average value of the observed values within the predetermined area. The length of one side of the predetermined area can be made an ultrasound beam width or more and a pipe thickness or less.
Abstract:
The present invention has a structure capable of detecting the scattered-type penetrator having oxides each with the size of several µm sparsely and widely dispersed. Specifically, the structure includes a wave transmission unit 6 for transmitting an ultrasonic wave to the welded surface of the welded portion 2 in a pipe axial direction of the pipe 1 such that the beam width of a transmission beam 8 is brought into a range from 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm, and a wave reception unit 7 for receiving at least a portion of the reflection wave (reception beam 9) at the welded surface. The wave transmission unit 6 and the wave reception unit 7 include transmission/reception units formed of different groups of transducer elements on at least one or more array probes 5 arranged in the circumferential direction of the pipe.
Abstract:
In steel continuous casting, the solidification completion position is accurately detected from only a measured value measured by a sensor without need for correction by driving a rivet into a cast piece. Specifically lateral ultrasonic sensors (6, 8) for transmitting a lateral ultrasonic wave into a cast piece (1) and receiving its reflected wave and longitudinal ultrasonic sensors (7, 9) for transmitting a longitudinal ultrasonic wave into the cast piece and receiving its reflected wave are installed at the same position of a continuous casting machine or at the same position in the direction of the width of the cast piece at two portions spaced in the casting direction. On the basis of the variations of the intensities of the received signals of the lateral ultrasonic sensors, the solidification completion potion (4) of the cast piece is detected to agree with the position where the lateral ultrasonic sensors are installed. The calculation formula for determining the solidification completion position from the propagation time of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave is corrected so that the solidification completion position calculated from the propagation time of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave at the time of detection may agree with the position where the lateral ultrasonic sensors are installed. After the correction, using the corrected calculation formula, the solidification completion position is determined from the propagation time of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for estimating the temperature of a slab which includes a step of estimating the solidification completion position of a slab in a continuous casting machine based on the temperature of the slab estimated in a temperature estimation step, and estimates the temperature of the slab with high precision.SOLUTION: An ultrasonic wave propagation time calculation section 102 estimates and measures the propagation time of ultrasonic waves in the thickness direction of the slab in the arrangement positions of ultrasonic wave sensors 14a, 14b by heat transfer calculation utilizing a heat transfer model. A temperature calculation section 101 estimates and measures the surface temperature of the slab in the arrangement position of a surface thermometer 15 by heat transfer calculation utilizing the heat transfer model. A parameter correction section 103 corrects the value of at least one parameter among a thermal conductivity included in the heat transfer model, a heat transfer coefficient between a heat removal mold and a solidification shell in a mold and the heat transfer coefficient of a secondary cooling zone so that the estimated value of the propagation time of the ultraviolet waves agrees with the measured value, and also, the estimated value of the surface temperature agrees with the measured value. A solidification completion position estimation section 104 estimates the temperature of the slab by heat transfer calculation utilizing the heat transfer model in which the parameters are corrected.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To precisely detect a scab defect by preventing reduction in the SN ratio due to the formation noise of a metal specimen.SOLUTION: In a surface layer defect detection device 1, a plurality of E-type sensors 5 having an exciting coil A for generating an eddy current in a surface layer part of the metal specimen 4 and first and second detection coils B, B' for detecting a magnetic flux induced by the eddy current are arranged in the direction orthogonal to the conveyance direction of the metal specimen 4. Each E-type sensor 5 includes: a differential amplifier 8 which differentially amplifies the difference between a detection signal of the first detection coil B and a detection signal of the second detection coil B' to be output as a differential amplification signal; an amplified differential processing circuit 11 which outputs the difference in the differential amplification signal among the plurality of the E-type sensors 5 as the detection signal: and a discriminating means 17 which discriminates whether or not the scab defect exists based on the detection signal.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a scrap surface profile measurement method which properly measures a distance to the scrap surface stacked in a container to measure the surface profile of scrap in the container with high accuracy.SOLUTION: An electromagnetic wave distance measurement part 11 transmits electromagnetic waves with a beam width adjusted so as to radiate the spot nearly equal to or under the size of large scrap 21 of the scrap 21 in a container 2 onto the scrap 21 surface in the container 2, from an antenna 111 and receives the reflection waves with the antenna 111, thereby measuring a distance to the scrap 21 surface in the container 2.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a metallographic structure measuring method and a metallographic structure measuring device capable of measuring interior micro-structures of a steel material by a nondestructive measurement by using ultrasonic waves.SOLUTION: A metallographic structure measuring method comprises the steps of: transmitting ultrasonic waves from an ultrasonic wave probe with respect to metal being as a material to be measured; measuring backscattering waves by using the ultrasonic waves being transmitted, of which a center wavelength at a portion to be measured is not greater than 5 times of a mean grain diameter of crystal grains and is not less than 5 times of a mean particle diameter of microparticles, in order to measure microparticles different from crystals in the material to be measured, or micro-structures and crystal grains by measuring the backscattering waves from an inside; removing backscattering wave components due to the crystal grains from the backscattering waves having been measured; extracting backscattering wave components due to the microparticles; and obtaining at least one of volume density of the microparticles, number density thereof and the mean particle diameter thereof from the backscattering wave components having been extracted due to the microparticles.