Abstract:
In an improved method for measuring the distance (B) between two mutually opposing surfaces (1, 2) by means of the reluctance method, there is used a position indicator (4) whose measuring device (9) is mounted on an associated core (6) arranged on one (1) of the two surfaces. The other (2) of the surfaces is provided either with a permanent magnet or an electromagnet (14). When the opposing surfaces rotate in relation to one another (R), the distance can be measured with the aid of a winding whose induced electromotive force constitutes a measurement of the distance to be measured. A value of the sought distance can also be obtained with the aid of a Hall-element (9), which in the detection of a static magnetic field produces an electric current value which constitutes a measurement of the distance to be measured. The magnetic field is balanced with the aid of a coil (N2) mounted on the core, thereby enabling the distance to be measured by measuring the adjusting current supplied to the balancing coil. When the magnetizing device (M) on the other surface has the form of an electromagnet, the current supply to the device and to a further balancing coil (N2') on the core is advantageously an alternating supply.
Abstract:
A method at chlorine-free bleaching of pulp where metals are removed by means of chelating agent. The chelating agent is mixed with the pulp in at least one effective mixing step without intermediate washing, whereafter the pulp without an intermediate tower passes directly to a pulp washer. The total retention time shall be at maximum 15 minutes, calculated after the chelating agent addition.
Abstract:
A method for pulp delignification/bleaching with peroxide comprising a treatment step with chelating agents in order to free the pulp from disturbing metal ions. Disturbing metal ions are deactivated by separating a liquid phase from the pulp after the treatment with chelating agents and the separated liquid phase containing chelating agents is treated with oxidizing agents such as ozone or peroxide. The liquid phase treated accordingly, preferably with peroxide, is returned to the pulp which in a subsequent step is subjected to a bleaching step with peroxide.
Abstract:
A method of oxygen delignification of chemical pulp in two stages. The first stage is carried out in an upstream reactor vessel (3), in which a pressure exceeding 3 bar is maintained. The second stage is carried out in a downstream reactor vessel (4), in which the temperature is between 90 and 120 DEG C and where the pressure is adapted to the temperature. Heating of the pulp is carried out between the stages by means of low pressure steam.
Abstract:
In a method of pre-pressing a formed web of finely-divided lignocellulosic fibre material prior to pressing the web to a finished state in the continuous manufacture of board material, the fibre material is compacted and pressed successively in an entry section (7) of a pre-press (6) subsequent to being formed into a web (11) and subsequent to a first compression and expansion. The web is compressed in this latter pressing process to a density close to the density of the web after the first compression, whereafter the web is allowed to expand to a controlled limited extent in a pre-press expansion section (9), and thereafter transferred to the finishing press. Steam (A, B) is injected into the web (9) when the web is located in the pre-press (6).
Abstract:
Fibre drying plant includes a refiner (1), a fibre dryer and a fibre suspension blow conduit (3) arranged therebetween. The below conduit (3) includes an ejector (5) having hot drying air inlets (15, 16). An inlet (17) for delivering glue to the fibre suspension is located on or in the vicinity of a mixing chamber (9) downstream of an injection nozzle (8) in the ejector. The mixing chamber (9) functions to mix drying air, fibre suspension and glue.
Abstract:
A pulp de-watering press has two rolls (1, 2) and a pulp disintegrating screw (4) which is positioned above the roll nip and extends parallel with the rolls and which functions to disintegrate the pulp cake leaving the roll nip and transport away the pulp. Each roll (1, 2) is provided with a respective doctor bar (5, 6) each having a respective roll scraping doctor blade (7, 8). One doctor bar (5') is positioned in the space (9) between the rolls (1, 2) and the screw (4) in a manner to reduce the space available to the pulp, with its doctor blade (7) located close to the roll nip.
Abstract:
A method of chlorine-free bleaching of pulp where metals are removed by means of a chelating agent. The chelating agent is admixed to the pulp in at least two subsequent mixing steps without intermediate washing. The stay-time between the mixing steps shall be less than 15 minutes, and the pulp is washed after the last mixing step.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of bleaching lignocellulosic fiber material in a combination step with ozone and peracid, such as peracetic acid, ZHCPaaMC. The invention preferably relates to the bleaching of sulphate pulp. The pulp is ozone treated in a HC step in an ozone reactor, whereafter the pulp is diluted with water or white water, and peracid is added prior to an MC bleaching tower with subsequent washing.
Abstract:
A method of chlorine free bleaching of pulp of lignocellulosic material, comprising chelating agent treatment of the pulp and subsequent bleaching in at least one step with chlorine-free bleaching agents. According to the method, the pH value is held above 9 both in the chelating agent step and in subsequent bleaching steps.