Abstract:
A film based on silicon dioxide and containing zirconium and so forth, and a method of producing the film by reactive DC sputtering. Various multilayered films containing said film, such as those used for antireflection coating, alkali barrier film, or achromatic glass can be produced by physical vapor deposition without breaking a vacuum.
Abstract:
The liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises a liquid crystal layer of a nematic liquid crystal having positive dielectric anisotropy and including a chiral material, the liquid crystal layer being interposed between a pair of substrates with transparent electrodes each having an aligning layer which are arranged substantially in parallel to provide a twist angle of 160-300 DEG , a driving means to apply a voltage across the electrodes attached to the substrates which interpose the liquid crystal layer, a pair of polarizing plates arranged outside the liquid crystal layer, and at least one birefringent plate provided between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing plate at at least one side of the liquid crystal layer, wherein the product DELTA n1.d, of the anisotropy of refractive index DELTA n, of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer and the thickness d, of the liquid crystal layer is in a range of 0.4-1.5 mu m, and three main refractive indices nx, ny and nz of the birefringent plate are in a relation of nx >/= nz > ny where nx and ny respectively represent the refractive indices in the direction of film plane of the birefringent plate (provided nx > ny) and nz represents the refractive index in the direction of film thickness of the birefringent plate.
Abstract:
An adsorbable gas can be efficiently recovered by subjecting a gas containing the above gas at a low concentration to adsorption/desorption treatment in a first adsorption column packed with an adsorbent, and condensing a desorption gas, containing the adsorbable gas at a higher concentration, discharged from the column. In this process a desorption gas discharged from a second adsorption column is introduced into the first column wherein the adsorption has been completed to adsorb and desorb an adsorbable gas contained in the desorption gas and a gas discharged in the step of condensing the desorption gas and containing a noncondensed adsorbable gas is introduced into the second column to adsorb an adsorbable gas contained in the discharged gas, the adsorbed adsorbable gas being desorbed in the second column in the next adsorption/desorption cycle to give a desorption gas containing the desorbed adsorbable gas, which is discharged from the second column and introduced into the first column wherein the adsorption has been completed. This process is easy to operate and requires little thermal energy for desorption.
Abstract:
A hydrochlorofluoropropane azeotropic or azeotropic-like composition comprising at least two members selected from the group consisting of hydrochlorofluoropropanes of the formula (I): CHaClbFcCF2CHxClyFz, wherein a+b+c=3, x+y+z=3, a+x»1, b+y»1, and 0«a,b,c,x,y,z«3.
Abstract:
A hydrochlorofluorocarbon azeotropic or azeotropic-like mixture comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen-containing fluoropropanes of the formula (I): CHaClbFcCF2CHxClyFz, wherein a + b + c = 3, x + y + z = 3, a + x » 1, b + y » 1, and 0 « a, b, c, x, y, z « 3, and at least one member selected from the group of compounds II consisting of halogenated hydrocarbons having a boiling point of from 20 to 85°C other than said hydrochlorofluoropropanes, hydrocarbons having a boiling point of from 20 to 85°C and alcohols having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Abstract:
A process for producing a hydrogen-containing 2,2-difluoropropane of the formula (2): C3Ha+xClb-yFc-z, which comprises subjecting a 2,2-difluoropropane of the formula (1) C3HaClbFc to hydrogen reduction, wherein a, b, c, x, y and z are integers satisfying the following conditions: a >/= 0, b >/= 1, c >/= 2, x >/= 1, y >/= 0, z >/= 0, a + b + c = 8, x = y + z, b - y >/= 0, and c - z >/= 2.
Abstract:
A process for producing a chlorine-containing 2,2-difluoropropane of the formula (2): C3Ha-xClb+xFc, which comprises chlorinating a 2,2-difluoropropane of the formula (1): C3HaClbFc, wherein a, b, c and x are integers satisfying the following conditions: a >/= 1, b >/= 0, c >/= 2, x >/= 1 and a + b + c = 8.
Abstract:
In an electrode in which electrode activating metal particles are applied onto an electrode core, a highly durable low-hydrogen overvoltage cathode characterized in that part or the whole of said electrode activating metal particles consists of a hydrogen-occluding metal which is capable of electrochemically occluding and releasing hydrogen. A method of producing a highly durable low-hydrogen overvoltage cathode characterized in that an electrode core is immersed in a plating bath in which hydrogen-occluding metal particles capable of electrochemically occluding and releasing hydrogen are dispersed at least as a portion of the electrode activating metal particles, to effect composite plating, so that said electrode activating metal particles are electroplated onto said electrode core together with the plating metal. A method of producing a highly durable low-hydrogen overvoltage cathode characterized in that a layer is applied by the baking method or the melt-coating method onto the electrode core such that part of the electrode activating metal particles is exposed on the surface of the layer, said layer containing hydrogen-occluding metal particles capable of electrochemically occluding and releasing hydrogen as part of the electrode activating metal particles. A method of producing a highly durable low-hydrogen overvoltage cathode characterized in that a sheet is prepared which contains hydrogen-occluding metal particles capable of electrochemically occluding and releasing hydrogen or which contains electrode activating metal particles consisting of said metal particles and another low-hydrogen overvoltage metal particles, in a manner that at least a portion thereof is exposed on at least one surface of the sheet, and the surface of said sheet opposite to the surface where said particles are exposed is adhered onto the electrode core.
Abstract:
7-Fluoroprostaglandins represented by formula (I), wherein R1 represents H or C1-10 alkyl, R2, R3, and R4 each represents H or the same or different protective group, and R5 represents C3-7, straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl.
Abstract:
A plasma display protective plate provided over the front surface of a plasma display to block near-infrared radiation and electromagnetic waves which are emitted from the plasma display, to prevent external light from reflecting and to protect the display main part. An electromagnetic wave shielding conductive film (2) which is a multilayer film made of an oxide and a metal, electrodes (3) which are electrically connected to the conductive film (2), scattering-preventive resin films (5), and a near-infrared absorbing resin film (6) are formed on a substrate (1) of a glass plate to provide the protective plate.