Abstract:
A method is described of forming a film of an amorphous material on a substrate by deposition from a plasma. The substrate is placed in an enclosure, a film precursor gas is introduced into the enclosure, and unreacted and dissociated gas is extracted from the enclosure so as to provide a low pressure therein. Microwave energy is introduced into the gas within the enclosure to produce a plasma therein by distributed electron cyclotron resonance (DECR) and cause material to be deposited from the plasma on the substrate. The said flow rate of the film precursor gas is altered during the course of deposition of material, so as to cause the bandgap to vary over the thickness of the deposited material.
Abstract:
A plasma excitation device is described for use in depositing a film on a substrate from a plasma formed by distributed electron cyclotron resonance. The device comprises a microwave antenna having an end from which microwaves are emitted, a magnet disposed in the region of the said antenna end and defining therewith an electron cyclotron resonance region in which a plasma can be generated, and a gas entry element having an outlet for a film precursor gas or a plasma gas. The outlet is arranged to direct gas towards a film deposition area situated beyond the magnet, as considered from the microwave antenna.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a gas processing unit adapted for generating a surface plasma in the vicinity of a photocatalyst, that has a planar configuration. The photocatalyst is deposited in the form of a thin layer on a dielectric substrate and at least one plasma supply electrode is formed above the photocatalyst thin layer. Such a configuration increases the interaction between the plasma and the photocatalyst. The unit can be used for a gas processing of the pollution-control, odour reduction or bactericidal treatment type with a high efficiency.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an artificial magnetic body capable of generating the characteristics substantially equivalent to the gyro magnetic characteristics of ferrite for electromagnetic waves such as microwaves without the need for an external magnetic field, and to provide an application such as a device using that artificial magnetic body.SOLUTION: The artificial magnetic body has a ring-shaped conductor pattern 2 provided with a gap, and a one-way transmission element 3 inserted into the gap of the conductor pattern 2 and transmits a signal only in one direction. More specifically, the one-way transmission element 3 is a field effect transistor having an adjustable amplification factor. Since the external magnetic field is not required, an irreversible device can be made compact and lightweight, and the operation frequency can be increased easily. Furthermore, various applications are possible over a wide range without relying upon the rare earth elements.
Abstract:
Nanoparticles that activate complement in the absence of biological molecules are described. The nanoparticles are shown to specifically target antigen presenting cells in specifically in lymph nodes, without the use of a biological molecule for targeting. These particles are useful vehicles for delivering immunotherapeutics. Surface chemistries and chemical formulations for the nanoparticles are described.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To eliminate conventional disadvantages, and to improve the stability of the performance of a cell in the course of time as a function of an operating temperature. SOLUTION: A cell including a photoanode composed of at least one polycrystalline titanium dioxide layer on a conductive substrate, a counter-electrode and an electrolyte positioned between these electrodes, at least one of the electrodes being transparent or translucent is provided. The electrolyte includes an oxidation-reduction system which is liquid at room temperature. A first species of a pair constituting the oxidation-reduction system advantageously is composed of an electrochemically-active salt having a melting point below room temperature, and optionally dissolved in at least one electrochemically-inactive salt also having a melting point below room temperature. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT