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    Fluid compound thermochemical conversion process and converter
    51.
    发明申请
    Fluid compound thermochemical conversion process and converter 失效
    流体复合热化学转化工艺及转炉

    公开(公告)号：US20010029312A1

    公开(公告)日：2001-10-11

    申请号：US09767829

    申请日：2001-01-24

    Inventor： Michael L. Zettner

    IPC: F23G005/44

    CPC classification number: B01J12/005 ,  B01J3/00 ,  F23G7/008 ,  F23G7/065

    Abstract: In a two-step method of chemothermal conversion of feedstock in the form of fluid compounds or compounds convertible into a fluid state, into low-molecular, organic or inorganic compounds, the improvement including reaching an extremely high efficiency rate of the destruction of the compounds of the second preliminary step by introducing the compounds of the first preliminary step through at least one small mixing channel under excess pressure of between 1.5 atmospheres and 150 atmospheres, so that the start of the exothermic reaction is delayed until the compounds reach the main reaction chamber, wherein, due to the excess pressure, the compounds react very quickly in an explosion-like manner, thereby reaching a high temperature and high density of heat radiation immediately usable for the destruction of the molecular structure of the compounds of the second preliminary step, and introducing the compounds of the second preliminary step simultaneously with the compounds of the first preliminary step at the downstream end of the mixing channels of the first preliminary step where the exothermic reaction takes place, thus enabling the transfer of energy from the exothermic reaction of the compounds of the first preliminary step at a highest possible temperature and heat radiation level to the compounds of the second preliminary step.

    Abstract translation: 在流体化合物或可转化为流体状态的化合物形式的原料化学转化的两步法中，成为低分子，有机或无机化合物的两步法，其改进包括达到非常高的化合物破坏效率 通过在1.5大气压和150大气压之间的过压下引入第一预备步骤的化合物通过至少一个小的混合通道，使得放热反应的开始被延迟直到化合物到达主反应室 其中，由于过量的压力，化合物以爆炸状态非常快速地反应，从而达到立即可用于破坏第二预备步骤的化合物的分子结构的高温和高密度的热辐射， 并将第二预备步骤的化合物与第一种pr的化合物同时引入 在发生放热反应的第一预备步骤的混合通道的下游端处的消除步骤，从而能够将来自第一预备步骤的化合物的放热反应的能量以最高可能的温度和热辐射水平转移到 第二预备步骤的化合物。

    Method of and apparatus for performing continuous hydrothermal synthesis
    52.
    发明授权
    Method of and apparatus for performing continuous hydrothermal synthesis 失效
    进行连续水热合成的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US5910298A

    公开(公告)日：1999-06-08

    申请号：US779351

    申请日：1997-01-06

    Applicant: Nakamichi Yamasaki ,  Tsuneaki Mochida ,  Akihiro Maeda ,  Takeshi Fukuda ,  Tsuyoshi Morimura

    Inventor： Nakamichi Yamasaki ,  Tsuneaki Mochida ,  Akihiro Maeda ,  Takeshi Fukuda ,  Tsuyoshi Morimura

    IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01F3/02 ,  B01F13/10 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J8/20 ,  C01B13/14 ,  C01F7/02 ,  C01G1/02 ,  C01G23/053 ,  C01G25/02 ,  C01G27/02 ,  C01G37/033 ,  B29B9/00

    CPC classification number: B01J3/008 ,  B01F3/022 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J8/20 ,  B01F2013/1091 ,  B01J2208/00398 ,  B01J2208/00415 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  B01J2219/00006

    Abstract: A continuous hydrothermal synthesis method which comprises pressurizing and heating a material slurry below a saturated vapor temperature or pressurizing a material slurry at normal temperature, pressurizing and heating an aqueous liquid above the saturated vapor temperature, atomizing and mixing the slurry and the aqueous liquid, effecting hydrothermal synthesis in a reaction section above the saturated vapor temperature, cooling the reaction product and taking out the product while retaining the pressurized state in the system by alternately opening and closing shut-off valves provided above and below a product discharging section or through a thin pipe provided in the product discharging section. The method is performed using an apparatus comprising heating-pressurizing sections respectively connected to a material slurry feeding section and an aqueous liquid feeding section, an atomizing-mixing section and a reaction section provided after these feeding sections, and a product discharging section.

    Abstract translation: 一种连续的水热合成方法，其特征在于，在饱和蒸气温度以下加压和加热材料浆料或在常温下加压材料浆料，对饱和蒸汽温度以上的水性液体进行加压加热，雾化并混合浆料和水性液体， 在高于饱和蒸汽温度的反应段中进行水热合成，冷却反应产物并取出产物，同时通过交替地打开和关闭设置在产品排放部分上方和下方的截止阀，或通过薄的 产品排放部分设有管道。 该方法使用包括分别连接到材料浆料供给部分和水性液体供给部分的加热加压部分，设置在这些进料部分之后的雾化混合部分和反应部分的装置以及产品排出部分进行。

    Methods of forming polycrystalline diamond
    54.
    发明授权
    Methods of forming polycrystalline diamond 有权

    公开(公告)号：US09945185B2

    公开(公告)日：2018-04-17

    申请号：US14291862

    申请日：2014-05-30

    Applicant: Baker Hughes Incorporated

    Inventor： Marc W. Bird

    IPC: E21B10/567 ,  B24D18/00 ,  B24D99/00 ,  E21B10/55

    CPC classification number: E21B10/567 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J2203/062 ,  B01J2203/0655 ,  B01J2203/0685 ,  B24D18/0009 ,  B24D99/005 ,  E21B10/55

    Abstract: A method of forming polycrystalline diamond includes encapsulating diamond particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a container. The encapsulated diamond particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide are subjected to a pressure of at least 4.5 GPa and a temperature of at least 1400° C. to form inter-granular bonds between the diamond particles. A cutting element includes polycrystalline diamond material comprising inter-bonded grains of diamond. The polycrystalline diamond material is substantially free of graphitic carbon and metallic compounds. The polycrystalline diamond material exhibits a density of at least about 3.49 g/cm3 and a modulus of at least about 1000 GPa. An earth-boring tool may include such a cutting element secured to a body.

    METHODS OF FORMING POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND AND CUTTING ELEMENTS AND TOOLS COMPRISING POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND
    56.
    发明申请
    METHODS OF FORMING POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND AND CUTTING ELEMENTS AND TOOLS COMPRISING POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND 有权
    形成多晶金刚石的方法和包含多晶金刚石的切割元件和工具

    公开(公告)号：US20150345229A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-12-03

    申请号：US14291862

    申请日：2014-05-30

    Applicant: Baker Hughes Incorporated

    Inventor： Marc W. Bird

    IPC: E21B10/567 ,  B24D99/00 ,  E21B10/55 ,  B24D18/00

    CPC classification number: E21B10/567 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J2203/062 ,  B01J2203/0655 ,  B01J2203/0685 ,  B24D18/0009 ,  B24D99/005 ,  E21B10/55

    Abstract: A method of forming polycrystalline diamond includes encapsulating diamond particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a container. The encapsulated diamond particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide are subjected to a pressure of at least 4.5 GPa and a temperature of at least 1400° C. to form inter-granular bonds between the diamond particles. A cutting element includes polycrystalline diamond material comprising inter-bonded grains of diamond. The polycrystalline diamond material is substantially free of graphitic carbon and metallic compounds. The polycrystalline diamond material exhibits a density of at least about 3.49 g/cm3 and a modulus of at least about 1000 GPa. An earth-boring tool may include such a cutting element secured to a body.

    Abstract translation: 形成多晶金刚石的方法包括将金刚石颗粒，一氧化碳和二氧化碳包封在容器中。 将包封的金刚石颗粒，一氧化碳和二氧化碳经受至少4.5GPa的压力和至少1400℃的温度以在金刚石颗粒之间形成颗粒间结合。 切割元件包括多晶金刚石材料，其包含金刚石的互相结合的颗粒。 多晶金刚石材料基本上不含石墨碳和金属化合物。 多晶金刚石材料表现出至少约3.49g / cm 3的密度和至少约1000GPa的模量。 钻孔工具可以包括固定到主体上的这种切割元件。

    Continuous method for the precipitation of lignin from black liquor
    57.
    发明授权
    Continuous method for the precipitation of lignin from black liquor 有权
    从黑液中沉淀木质素的连续方法

    公开(公告)号：US09139606B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-09-22

    申请号：US13879085

    申请日：2011-10-14

    Applicant: Mauno Miettinen

    Inventor： Mauno Miettinen

    IPC: D21C11/00 ,  C07G1/00 ,  D21C11/04

    CPC classification number: D21C11/10 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/02 ,  B01J3/042 ,  C07G1/00 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21C11/04

    Abstract: In a method for the continuous precipitation of lignin from black liquor black liquor is provided so as to flow as a pressurized flow in a reactor (2) with a dwell time of less than 300s,—an acidifying agent selected from the group of carbon dioxide, acid and their combinations is led to the flow at one or more feeding sites (2a) to lower the pH of black liquor,—the pH is allowed to decrease by the effect of the acidifying agent in the pressurized flow to the precipitation point of lignin, the pressure of the pressurized flow is abruptly released, and lignin particles are separated from black liquor.

    Abstract translation: 在从黑液中连续沉淀木质素的方法中，提供黑液作为加压流在停留时间小于300s的反应器（2）中流动的方法 - 在选自二氧化碳组中的酸化剂 ，酸和它们的组合被导致在一个或多个进料位置（2a）处的流动以降低黑液的pH， - 通过加压流中的酸化剂的作用使pH降低到沉淀点 木质素，加压流的压力突然释放，木质素颗粒与黑液分离。

    Reactor and method for anoxic treatment of a material in a fluid reaction medium
    58.
    发明授权
    Reactor and method for anoxic treatment of a material in a fluid reaction medium 有权
    用于对流体反应介质中的材料进行缺氧处理的反应器和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07988869B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-08-02

    申请号：US12066122

    申请日：2006-09-26

    Applicant: Hubert-Alexandre Turc ,  Christophe Joussot-Dubien

    Inventor： Hubert-Alexandre Turc ,  Christophe Joussot-Dubien

    IPC: C02F1/72

    CPC classification number: B01J19/02 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J8/006 ,  B01J8/222 ,  B01J19/1806 ,  B01J2219/00083 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00779 ,  B01J2219/0277 ,  C02F11/06 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C02F2103/26

    Abstract: A reactor for treating with pressurized water a material in a fluid reaction medium. It comprises a body (2) delimiting a reaction area (10), an inlet (48) for the material to be treated in the reaction area (10), a point (46) for introducing an oxidant into the reaction area (10), at least one outlet for the treated material outside the reaction area (10), the material to be treated follows a path defined in the reaction area between its inlet and its outlet. The point (46) for introducing the oxidant in the reaction area (10) is located downstream from the inlet (48) for the material and is spaced apart from the latter by a certain distance so as to define an anoxic area (20) comprised between the inlet for the material to be treated and the point for introducing the oxidant, an area in which the fluid medium is in anoxia.

    Abstract translation: 一种用加压水处理流体反应介质中的材料的反应器。 它包括界定反应区域（10）的主体（2），反应区域（10）中要处理的材料的入口（48），用于将氧化剂引入反应区域（10）的点（46） 在反应区域（10）外部的处理材料的至少一个出口，待处理的材料遵循在其入口和出口之间的反应区域中限定的路径。 用于在反应区域（10）中引入氧化剂的点（46）位于用于材料的入口（48）的下游，并且与氧化剂的间隔距离一定距离，以便限定缺氧区域（20），其包含 在待处理材料的入口和用于引入氧化剂的点之间，流体介质处于缺氧区域。

    Flow reactor of non-equilibrium open type
    60.
    发明申请
    Flow reactor of non-equilibrium open type 审中-公开
    非平衡开放式流量反应器

    公开(公告)号：US20040254311A1

    公开(公告)日：2004-12-16

    申请号：US10859162

    申请日：2004-06-03

    Inventor： Koichiro Matsuno

    IPC: C08F002/00

    CPC classification number: B01J19/0013 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/042 ,  B01J14/00 ,  B01J19/2415 ,  B01J19/2465 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00099 ,  B01J2219/0011 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  B01J2219/00166 ,  B01J2219/00184 ,  B01J2219/00245

    Abstract: A flow reactor for liquid-phase polymerization reaction, which enables controlling the degree of polymerization for, for example, amino acid polymerization, wherein the liquid reaction mixture containing the organic reactive molecules to be polymerized is emitted from a high-temperature high-pressure part (A) to a low-temperature high-pressure part (B) via a circulation line (C), whereby inhibiting the decomposition of the polymer product in the low-temperature high-pressure part (B), after which the polymer product is once again sent to the high-temperature high-pressure part (A) through the circulation line for further polymerization, and the same cycle is repeated.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于液相聚合反应的流动反应器，其能够控制例如氨基酸聚合的聚合度，其中含有待聚合的有机反应性分子的液体反应混合物从高温高压部分 （A）通过循环管线（C）与低温高压部件（B）连接，从而抑制聚合物产物在低温高压部分（B）中的分解，之后聚合物产物 再通过循环管线再次送入高温高压部分（A）进一步聚合，重复相同的循环。

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