Abstract:
A method of producing graphene sheets and plates from graphitic material including (a) mixing graphitic material particles in a liquid medium to form a suspension; (b) compressing the suspension; (c) directing the compressed suspension through a local constriction into an area of reduced pressure to decompress the suspension in less than 2×10−6 second to a pressure less than 20% of the compression pressure, thereby exfoliating graphene sheets and plates from the graphitic material.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a fluid shockwave reactor. The fluid shockwave reactor introduces laser resonance theory into the field of fluid physics. It consists of or comprises a shockwave resonance energy concentration device and at least one set of jet collision device. The shockwave resonance energy concentration device can enhance the shockwave strength produced during jet collisions; strengthen the ultrahigh pressure and cavitation effect of the shockwave field; it can also intensify physical and chemical effects on the processed materials. The fluid shockwave reactor can achieve ultrafine crushing on the fluid materials with lower energy consumption. Under certain technological conditions, the fluid shockwave reactor may also effectively catalyze the chemical reaction process on fluid materials.
Abstract:
The disclosed subject concerns nanometric-sized ceramic materials in the form of multiple crystalline structures, composites, or solid solutions, the process for their synthesis, and uses thereof. These materials are mainly obtained by detonation of two water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, one of which is prepared with precursors in order to present a detonation regime with temperature lower than 2000° C., and they present a high chemical and crystalline phase homogeneity, individually for each particle, as well as a set of complementary properties adjustable according to the final applications, such as a homogeneous distribution of the primary particles, very high chemical purity level, crystallite size below 50 nm, surface areas by mass unit between 25 and 500 m2/g, and true particle densities higher than 98% of the theoretical density. This set of characteristics makes this materials particularly suitable for a vast range of applications in the nanotechnology field, such as, for example, nanocoatings, magnetic nanofluids, nanocatalysts, nanosensors, nanopigments, nanoadditives, ultra light nanocomposites, drug release nanoparticles, nanomarkers, nanometric films, etc.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method and formulation for the creation of a diamond-carbon bearing material of varying particle sizes. The material is a detonation by-product of explosive formulations that employ carbon dioxide as the oxidizing agent and a material, such as powdered magnesium, as the fuel for such detonation.
Abstract:
The claimed substance is obtained by the detonation of an explosive with a negative oxygen balance in an enclosed space and in an environment which is inert in relation to carbon, the detonation products being cooled at a rate of 200 to 6000 degrees per minute. The claimed substance contains 30 to 75 wt % carbon (cubic modification), 10 to 15 wt % X-ray amorphous carbon phase, the remainder being crystalline modification carbon. The proportions of different elements present are as follows: carbon 84 to 89 wt %, hydrogen 0.3 to 1.1 wt %, nitrogen 3.1 to 4.3 wt %, oxygen 2.0 to 7.1 wt %, non-combustible additives 2.0 to 5.0 wt %. The surface contains methyl, carboxyl, quinone, lactone, ester and aldehyde functional groups.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung höchster Energieflüsse durch den Abruf von chemisch gespeicherter Energie - z.B. aus Sprengstoffen - über eine photonengesteuerte Reaktion mit einer Geschwindigkeit der Reaktionsfront, die deutlich über 10 km/s liegt.