Abstract:
A ground fault location system (10) is used in a multi-phase ungrounded or high-impedance grounded power network (11). A signal generator (14) is coupled to the network (11) at a first location and generates for each network phase an individual non-DC voltage signal between such phase and ground. A ground fault detector (16) is coupled to the network (11) at a second location and has a summing device (24) and an annunciator (28). The summing device (24) is coupled to all of the phases of the network (11) at such second location, sums any current passing therethrough, and produces a sum signal. The annunciator (28) receives the sum signal and provides an indication when such signal is non-zero. Each phase of the network (11) at the second location has a distribution current passing therethrough, the sum thereof normally being substantially zero and resulting in a substantially zero sum signal and the lack of an indication from the annunciator (28) based on such distribution currents. When the second location is on a path between the first location and a ground fault, the individual voltage signal on at least one of the phases generates a fault current thereon through such path and results in a non-zero sum signal and an indication from the annunciator (28). When the second location is not on such path, none of the individual voltage signals generates a fault current on any phase through such path, resulting in a substantially zero sum signal and the lack of an indication from the annunciator (28).
Abstract:
A reach-measurement method used in connection with a series-compensated line of a power system. The series-compensated line includes an installed series capacitance (20) having a bus side and a line side, and a non-linear protection device parallel the installed series capacitance (20). The series-compensated line and non-linear protection device have capacitance voltage thereacross equal the bus side voltage minus the line side voltage. A number of line current samples are measured, where such samples are representative of values of a line current waveform at successive instants of time on the series compensated line. Capacitance voltage values are computed based on measured line current samples in accordance with an equation which accounts for the non-linear protection device parallel to the installed series capacitance (20). A prescribed power system function is performed based on the computed capacitance voltage values.
Abstract:
A method of making various insulated conductor sizes during a transformer coil winding process by slitting and bonding insulating sheet materials (30) and a foil sheet conductor (42) into a composite foil conductor/insulation (44). The conductor/insulation composite (44) is made by folding the composite into a substantially U-shaped length which has a central portion between two leg portions (32, 34) and folding the leg portions (32, 34) of the 'U' inwardly to a position substantially parallel to the central portion of the 'U' to bring the free ends (38a, 40a) of the leg portions into opposing relation. This method provides a folded insulated foil conductor (44) having a two-conductor thickness surrounded by the overall insulation. Provision is also made for increasing the cross-sectional area of the conductor (42).
Abstract:
A system (50, 52, 54) for multi-crew management comprises an enterprise computing system (50), a mobile field unit (52), and wireless communication network (54) which supports terminal control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP). The enterprise computing network (50) comprises application programs (80) through which work orders may be assigned and managed, various server machines containing data related to the work orders, a local area network (LAN) connecting the server machines, and a gateway to the TCP/IP wireless network. A mobile field unit (52) comprises a computing device and modem for communicating over the wireless network (54) to the enterprise computing system (50). A mobil field unit (52) and each machine (60, 62, 64, 66) in the enterprise computing system has a unique IP address assigned to it. Accordingly, commands and data can be communicated freely between all machines.
Abstract:
Colloidal fluids having improved insulating and/or cooling properties. Embodiments of the invention involve colloidal fluids which comprise a carrier liquid and a dispersed phase of non-metallic particles, wherein the colloidal fluid has a saturation magnetization of less than about 50 Gauss. The compositions may be employed to insulate and/or cool electromagnetic devices, including high power devices, such as power transformers.
Abstract:
An electronic meter (10) which automatically detects the service type and voltage to which the meter (10) is installed and which either automatically continues its own programming to the detected service is disclosed. An electronic energy meter (10) that permits the addition of new measurements or testing capabilities without requiring factory modifications to effect such functionality changes is also disclosed. The meter (10) includes firmware which measures the characteristics of electrical energy supplied to the meter and which generates characteristic signals reflective of the measured characteirstics of the electrical energy. A processor (16) is connected to receive and process the characteristic signals. The processing of the characteristic signals includes selecting and manipulating certain of the characteristic signals and generating characteristic information in response to the selection and generating additional characteristic information in response to the manipulation. It is preferred for the meter (10) to include a memory (35) having reference information stored therein. In such an embodiment, the manipulation of characteristic signals includes retrieving certain of the reference information and generating the characteristic information in response to the selected signals and the reference information.
Abstract:
Voltage flicker is a power quality problem in power distribution circuits (10) which is caused by the operation of fluctuating loads (18) such as AC and DC electric arc furnaces, spot welders, starting of large ac motors, and the like. Converters (12) based on Voltage Source technology (VSC) connected in shunt close to the fluctuating load are found to have the capability of reducing the voltage flicker level. Flicker control systems (20) responsive to the active and reactive power components are used to exploit the capabilities of VSC in accordance with the invention. The flicker control systems (20) reduce the voltage flicker observed at the point of common coupling by adapting, e.g., H-infinity, Linear Quadratic Gaussian, Mininum Variance Control, and self-tuning design methods for flicker control in power systems (10) having fixed or self-tuning flicker controller parameters.
Abstract:
Magnetic core structure of the stacked type having outer legs (11, 12), at least one inner leg (13), and top (14, 15) and bottom yokes (16, 17) formed of a plurality of stacked groups of layers of metallic laminations. The yoke and leg laminations have their ends cut diagonally to provide a closed magnetic circuit having diagonal joints between adjoining ends of the yoke and leg laminations. The length dimensions of the inner leg laminations are uniform from layer to layer within each group, while the junction of the diagonally cut ends of the inner leg laminations are offset from the centerline thereof from layer to layer in a step pattern that progresses an equal number of steps on each side of the centerline of each group of layers of inner leg laminations to be step dependent. The configuration of the outer leg laminations and the top and bottom yoke laminations are uniform from layer to layer within each group to be step independent. A method of stacking the laminations in groups is disclosed and there is also disclosed a method of making the center or inner laminations of the magnetic core structure in two parts where the width of the laminations is greater than the commercially available lamination material.
Abstract:
An apparatus for electronically metering electrical energy, said electrical energy comprising voltage and current characteristics, wherein voltage and current signals representative of said voltage and current characteristics are provided. The apparatus comprises a first processor, connected to receive said voltage and current signals, for determining electrical energy from said voltage and current signals and for generating an energy signal representative of the electrical energy determination, said first processor comprising a memory for the storage of instructions, said first processor performing electrical energy determinations in response to the execution of said instructions. A modification means, is connected to said first processor, for modifying the instructions executed by said first processor; and an optical port, is connected to said modification means, for receiving and transmitting radiant energy signals; and an option connector, is connected to said modification means, for receiving and transmitting electrical signals, wherein an execution signal is received by one of said optical port and said option connector to modify the instructions executed by said first processor.
Abstract:
High oleic acid triglyceride compositions that comprise fatty acid components of at least 75 % oleic acid, less than 10 % diunsaturated fatty acid component; less than 3 % triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 8 % saturated fatty acid component; and having the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.05 % at 25 °C, acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25 °C, a flash point of at least 250 °C and a pour point of at least -15 °C are disclosed. An electrical insulation fluid comprising the triglyceride composition is disclosed. Electrical apparatuses comprising the electrical insulation fluid and the use of electrical insulation fluid to provide insulation in electrical apparatuses are disclosed. A process for preparing the high oleic acid triglyceride composition is disclosed.