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    Reverse sum quench measurement using a liquid scintillation counter
    61.
    发明公开
    Reverse sum quench measurement using a liquid scintillation counter 失效
    下降总和形成在液体闪烁计数器的淬灭效应。

    公开(公告)号：EP0199665A1

    公开(公告)日：1986-10-29

    申请号：EP86630052.8

    申请日：1986-04-03

    Applicant: Packard Instrument Company, Inc.

    Inventor： Jones, Donald K. ,  Tomisek, John David ,  Young, Harry Major

    IPC: G01T1/204

    CPC classification number: G01T1/204

    Abstract: Apparatus and a method for determining a quench-indicating parameter of a test sample utilizing a liquid scintillation counter are disclosed. The number of counts in a spectrum resulting from subtraction of a spectrum generated without an external source of radiation from a spectrum generated with an external source of radiation is utilized. The total number of counts is cumulatively summed from a higher energy level to a lower energy level and a curve representing this sum is generated. A portion of this curve is fitted with a function such as a straight line and the intersection of that function with the zero count axis is the intersection energy level which is an indication of the measure of quench of the test sample.

    High resolution method of measuring ATP, and concentrating and measuring unicellular organisms
    63.
    发明公开
    High resolution method of measuring ATP, and concentrating and measuring unicellular organisms 失效
    测量ATP的高分辨率方法，浓度和测量细菌有机体

    公开(公告)号：EP0126019A3

    公开(公告)日：1986-06-11

    申请号：EP84630076

    申请日：1984-05-15

    Applicant: Packard Instrument Company, Inc.

    Inventor： Everett, Leroy J. ,  Tsai, TenLin Sie ,  Ramey, Norma J.

    IPC: C12Q01/24 ,  C12Q01/04

    CPC classification number: C12Q1/04

    Abstract: A method of concentrating and measuring the amount of cells in a sample is described. A-sample containing the plurality of cells is passed upwardly or laterally through a series of membrane filters and concentrated on the filter. The filter membrane containing the concentrated cell is then sequentially treated with lysing agent to release the adenosine triphosphate from the organism and a luminescent reagent to react with the released adenosine triphosphate. A luminescent response is thereby produced directly on the filter membrane and this luminescent response is measured with a luminometer. Not only does this method provide an accurate way of detecting very minute quantities of cells but it provides a relatively quick and easy method of concentrating and measuring cells in large volumes of biological or industrial samples which contain low levels of organisms. This method can also be used to identify and measure sources of adenosine triphosphate. Another aspect of the disclosed method is the utilization of a series of filters, each of which traps and concentrates cells of different size. For example, a sample containing a plurality of cell types can be passed through a series of filter membranes, with different pore size each of which allows passage of all but one unicellular organism, resulting in a concentration of different cells on different filter membranes. The filter membranes can then be processed and measured on the luminometer as described above.

    Abstract translation: 描述了浓缩和测量样品中细胞量的方法。 含有多个细胞的样品通过一系列膜过滤器向上或向外通过并集中在过滤器上。 然后使用裂解剂依次处理含有浓缩细胞的滤膜，以从生物体中释放出三磷酸腺苷，并将发光试剂与释放的三磷酸腺苷反应。 由此直接在滤膜上产生发光响应，并且用发光计测量该发光响应。 这种方法不仅可以提供精确检测细胞数量的方法，而且可以提供一种相对快速简便的浓缩和测量大量生物或工业样品中含有低水平生物体的细胞的方法。 该方法也可用于鉴定和测量三磷酸腺苷的来源。 所公开方法的另一方面是利用一系列过滤器，每个过滤器捕集并浓缩不同尺寸的细胞。 例如，包含多种细胞类型的样品可以通过一系列具有不同孔径的滤膜，每个滤膜允许除一个单细胞生物体以外的所有细胞通过，导致不同细胞在不同滤膜上的浓度。 然后可以如上所述在发光计上处理和测量过滤膜。

    METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISPENSING MICRODROPLETS
    64.
    发明授权
    METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DISPENSING MICRODROPLETS 有权
    方法和装置DROP微分配

    公开(公告)号：EP1356252B1

    公开(公告)日：2008-03-12

    申请号：EP02703210.1

    申请日：2002-01-23

    Applicant: Packard Instrument Company, Inc.

    Inventor： ZWEIFEL, Ronald, A. ,  HAHN, Christopher, M.

    IPC: G01F1/00

    CPC classification number: B01L3/0268 ,  B01L3/0262 ,  G01N35/1011 ,  G01N35/1016 ,  G01N2035/1039 ,  Y10T436/11

    Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing or limiting damage to capillaries used to dispense microdrops measures the voltage produced by a piezoelectric transducer when the capillary contacts a solid surface or the phase shift occurring when the piezoelectric transducer is operated at its resonant frequency. After distinguishing the voltage created from such contact from the voltage produced from unrelated random sources, corrective action is taken, in one aspect by stopping the relative movement of the capillary and the surface being contacted. The method and apparatus may also be employed to determine the position of a solid or liquid surface.

    Microvolume liquid handling system
    65.
    发明公开
    Microvolume liquid handling system 失效
    设备数量的微流体的处理

    公开(公告)号：EP1512975A3

    公开(公告)日：2006-05-24

    申请号：EP04028043.0

    申请日：1998-04-08

    Applicant: Packard Instrument Company, Inc.

    Inventor： Pelc, Richard E. ,  Chibucos, Nicholas S. ,  Papen, Roeland F. ,  Mayer, Wilhelm

    IPC: G01N35/10 ,  B01L3/02

    CPC classification number: B01L3/0268 ,  B01J2219/00378 ,  B01L3/5085 ,  B01L2200/025 ,  B01L2200/146 ,  B01L2300/0838 ,  B01L2400/0439 ,  B01L2400/0487 ,  C40B60/14

    Abstract: A system for dispensing precise quantities of a transfer liquid (24) is described. The system comprises an enclosed space (214, 234, 235) containing a fluid column, the fluid column including the transfer liquid (24) and a system liquid (20). The enclosed space has an outlet (36) and the column is arranged with the transfer liquid (24) being adjacent to the outlet (63) and the system liquid (20) being distant to the outlet (63). Means (218) are provided for supplying the system liquid (20) into the fluid column (24, 20); and means are present for providing the transfer liquid (24) into the enclosed space (214, 234, 236). The system further includes means (212) for dispensing a quantity of the transfer liquid (24) as at least one droplet out of the outlet (63) without introducing any fluid into the enclosed space (214, 234, 236) during dispensing, means (244) for sensing pressure change in the enclosed space resulting from the volume of the transfer liquid being dispensed and means (224) for converting the pressure change to a volume of the transfer liquid (24) dispensed by the dispensing means (212), wherein ejection of individual drops of the transfer liquid (24) can be detected by the means for sensing pressure change (244).

    MICROVOLUME LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEM
    66.
    发明授权
    MICROVOLUME LIQUID HANDLING SYSTEM 失效
    微流体液体处理系统

    公开(公告)号：EP1007973B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-12-01

    申请号：EP98915459.6

    申请日：1998-04-08

    Applicant: Packard Instrument Company, Inc.

    Inventor： PELC, Richard, E. ,  CHIBUCOS, Nicholas, S. ,  PAPEN, Roeland, F. ,  MAYER, Wilhelm

    IPC: G01N35/10 ,  B01L3/02

    CPC classification number: G01N35/1016 ,  B01J2219/00378 ,  C40B60/14 ,  G01F1/48 ,  G01F3/00 ,  G01N2035/00237 ,  G01N2035/1018 ,  G01N2035/1025 ,  G01N2035/1039 ,  G01N2035/1041

    Abstract: A microvolume liquid handling system includes a microdispenser employing a piezoelectric transducer attached to a glass capillary, a positive displacement pump for priming and aspirating transfer liquid into the microdispenser, controlling the pressure of the liquid system, and washing the microdispenser between liquid transfers, and a pressure sensor to measure the liquid system pressure and produce a corresponding electrical signal. The pressure signal is used to verify and quantify the microvolume of transfer liquid dispensed and is used to perform automated calibration and diagnostics on the microdispenser. In another embodiment of the microvolume liquid handling system, a system reservoir is connected with tubing to a pressure control system for controlling the liquid system pressure in the system reservoir. The system reservoir is coupled to one or more microdispensers through a distribution tube having a branched section for each microdispenser. In this embodiment, each microdispenser is coupled to its own flow sensor and to enable a system controller to respectively measure and control the flow of liquid in the each microdispenser. Dispensing of a single sub-nanoliter drop can be detected in real time. As the result of dispensing the liquid in sub-nanoliter droplets, the dispensed volume can be precisely controlled. The dispenser automatically detects the liquid surface of the transfer liquid, automatically aspirate, analyze desired volume of the transfer liquid, dispense the transfer liquid without contacting the destination vessel or its contents, and automatically wash off the transfer liquid from dispensing system after each transfer. This system is capable of automatically sensing liquid surfaces, aspirating liquid to be transferred, and then dispensing small quantities of liquid with high accuracy, speed and precision. The system is pulsated at high frequency to prevent or eliminate clogging. Immiscible liquid between the transfer liquid and the system liquid reduces the required amount of transfer liquid needed for dispensing.

    Abstract translation: 微量液体处理系统包括使用连接至玻璃毛细管的压电换能器的微分配器，用于将转移液体灌注并吸入微量分配器中的正排量泵，控制液体系统的压力以及在液体转移之间清洗微分配器， 压力传感器来测量液体系统压力并产生相应的电信号。 压力信号用于验证和量化分配的转移液体的微量，并用于对微分配器进行自动校准和诊断。 在微体积液体处理系统的另一个实施例中，系统容器通过管连接到用于控制系统容器中的液体系统压力的压力控制系统。 系统贮存器通过具有用于每个微分配器的分支部分的分配管与一个或多个微分配器连接。 在该实施例中，每个微分配器耦合到其自己的流量传感器并且使系统控制器能够分别测量和控制每个微分配器中的液体流量。 可以实时检测单次亚纳升滴的分配。 由于以亚纳升液滴分配液体，可以精确控制分配体积。 分配器自动检测转印液体的液面，自动吸取，分析转印液体的所需体积，分配转印液体而不接触目的容器或其内容物，并在每次转印后自动从分配系统清洗转印液体。 该系统能够自动检测液体表面，吸取要传送的液体，然后以高精度，高速度和精确度分配少量液体。 系统以高频脉动，以防止或消除堵塞。 转印液体和系统液体之间的不混溶液体减少了分配所需的转印液体量。

    UNIVERSAL MICROPLATE ANALYZER
    67.
    发明公开
    UNIVERSAL MICROPLATE ANALYZER 审中-公开
    通用微孔分析仪

    公开(公告)号：EP1299708A1

    公开(公告)日：2003-04-09

    申请号：EP01948407.0

    申请日：2001-06-15

    Applicant: Packard Instrument Company, Inc.

    Inventor： BOOKER, David, D. ,  FISCHER, Robert, E. ,  NEWELL, Michael, P. ,  KAPPEL, David, W. ,  MORITZ, Scott ,  OLEKSY, Jerome, E.

    IPC: G01N21/01 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N21/64

    CPC classification number: G01N21/6452 ,  B01J2219/00702 ,  G01N2021/6463 ,  G01N2021/6484

    Abstract: A universal microplate analyzer capable of carrying out measurements on samples contained in the wells of microplates (42) by fluorescence, absorbance, luminescence employs at least two light sources (32a, 32b) and optical fiber channels (34a-c) for directing excitation light to the sample wells. Flexibility of operation is provided by arrays of mirrors (22a-c), apertures (44, 56, 58), and polarizers (48) which can be positioned as required for the analysis to be carried out.

    Abstract translation: 通过荧光，吸光度，发光能够对包含在微孔板（42）的孔中的样品进行测量的通用微孔板分析仪采用至少两个光源（32a，32b）和光纤通道（34a-c）用于引导激发光 到样品井。 操作的灵活性由可根据需要进行分析的镜子阵列（22a-c），孔（44,56,58）和偏振器（48）提供。

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