Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of cross-linked polymers which have a water absorbency of less than 30 g/g polymer (determined in a 0.9 wt. % aqueous common-salt solution) and which contain polymerised monoethylenic unsaturated monomers that contain acid groups and/or the alkali salts or ammonium salts thereof and optionally additional polymerised monoethylenic unsaturated monomers. Said cross-linked polymers are used as an additive for compact, particle-shaped washing and cleaning agents for increasing the disintegration rate when being brought into contact with water. The invention also relates to the use of compact, particle-shaped washing and cleaning agents which contain cross-linked polymers with a water absorbency of less than 30 g/g polymer (determined in a 0.9 wt. % aqueous common-salt solution).
Abstract:
The use is disclosed of a compound having the general formula (I), as well as its alkali salts, as scaling inhibitors and/or (co)-builders. In the formula (I), R' stands for hydrogen and R and R' independently represent branched or non-branched aliphatic C4-28 radicals which can contain one or several double C-C and/or triple C-C bonds. Radicals R and R' may be interrupted by one or more non-adjacent oxygen atoms, NH groups and/or N-C1-4-alkyl groups, and may be substituted by one or more hydroxyl groups, primary amino groups and/or secondary C1-4-alkylamino groups; or radicals R and R' are hydrogen atoms and radical R' has the above-mentioned meaning; or R' has the meaning given above for R' and R and R' are hydrogen atoms.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for preparing copolymers from vinyl esters and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids by the radical copolymerisation of: (a) 20 to 80 mol % vinyl esters of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having at least two carbon atoms, (b) 80 to 20 mol % monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and, optionally, (c) 0 to 30 mol % of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers which can be copolymerised, and/or (d) 0 to 10 mol % monomers containing at least two ethylenically unsaturated non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of at least one sulphur, phosphorus and/or nitrogen compound having a reducing effect and of 0.05 to 30 wt %, relative to the monomers, of at least one surfactant in an aqueous medium and in the presence of initiators and, optionally, regulators. The invention further relates to the use of the copolymers or the copolymers comprising vinyl alcohol units obtained therefrom by hydrolysis and/or oxidation, as additives for washing and cleaning agents.
Abstract:
Hydroxyalkylaminocarboxylic acids have the general formula (I), in which R1 is hydrogen, a C¿1?-C4 alkyl residue or a group having the formulas -CHR?3¿-CH(OH)-R2 or -CH¿2?)n-COOM, in which n equals 1 to 4; R?2 and R3¿ represent independently from each other hydrogen, a phenyl residue or an alkyl or alkenyl residue that may in addition bear phenoxy groups, carboxylic acid C¿1?-C4-alkyl ester groups or ester groups derived from triglycerides based on unsaturated C10-C22 fatty acids and may be interrupted by non-adjacent oxygen atoms, the sum of all C atoms from both residues R?2 and R3¿ being at least 4; A is a linear or branched C¿1?-C6 alkylene group that may in addition bear a hydroxyl group and/or a group having the formula COOM, and R?1¿ and A may form together with the N atom a 5- or 6-membered ring; and M is hydrogen, alkaline metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium. These hydroxyalkylaminocarboxylic acids are useful as complexing agents for alkaline earth and heavy metal ions.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a mixture comprising alkylation products of monosaccharides, of the following formula (I): (CnH2n-1On)-R1, which are acetalized in position 1 by the radical R1, in which formula n stands for the number 5 or 6 and R1 designates a C¿1? to C4 alkyl group, a C1 to C3 mono or dihydroxyalkyl group or a C1 to C3 methoxy or ethoxyalkyl group, and epoxides of formula (II) wherein R?2 and R3¿ independently of each other mean hydrogen or an alkyl or alkenyl radical which can additionally carry C¿1? to C4 carboxylic acid alkylester groups and can be interrupted by non-adjacent oxygen atoms, in which the total number of carbon atoms of the two radicals R?2 and R3¿ has to be between 4 and 60, said mixture containing 50 to 100 wt % monoalkylation products and 0 to 50 wt % higher alkylation products, at least one of the possible regio-isomer monoalkylation products being present in an amount of at least 30 wt % if n equals 6 or at least 40 wt % if n equals 5, in each case relative to the total of all the monoalkylation products formed.