Abstract:
An exposed aggregate finishing method for concrete. The method comprises coating the inside faces of a form for concrete with a cement setting retarder, drying, coating the dried faces with a synthetic organic polymer coating material which is soluble in an aqueous alkaline solution of cement, but is insoluble in water; and drying the coated faces. Alternatively, the method may be carried out by coating the inside faces of the form for concrete with the mixture of the cement setting retarder and the organic polymer coating material and drying the coated faces. Concrete is thereafter placed in the concrete form, the form removed and the surface of the molded concrete washed to make the surface rough.
Abstract:
A vacuum signal is produced, which is representative of a function of the flow rate of engine taken air and which is employed for directly or indirectly operating a diaphragm unit of an exhaust gas recirculation control valve, by admitting atmospheric air into a vacuum from a vacuum source by employing a solenoid valve in such a manner that the solenoid valve varies the amount of admitted atmospheric air in accordance with the flow rate of engine taken air.
Abstract:
A heat insulation layer is provided on the exterior surface of a port liner. The port liner is installed in the exhaust port passage upon casting of a cylinder head by filling a moulding material in the cavity of the port liner to serve as an exhaust port, mounting preformed and cured separate layers of moulding material on the exterior surface of the port liner and using the port liner with a mass of a moulding material therein and separate layers of a moulding material thereon as a core for casting an exhaust port passage and a heat insulation layer of the exhaust port.
Abstract:
An additional passageway is prevented from supplying additional air into an engine intake passageway downstream of a throttle valve and alternatively the throttle valve is prevented from being opened a predetermined amount when the temperature of a catalyst of an engine catalytic converter is below an allowable limit during deceleration of the engine.
Abstract:
A combustion arrangement which enables combustion with high EGR comprises an ignition means positioned within an area which is disposed in the neighborhood of a location at which the thickness of the combustion chamber is the maximum and adjacent the cylinder axis.
Abstract:
An exhaust gas recirculation system for an internal combustion engine comprises an exhaust gas flow control valve; a vacuum actuator for operation of the flow control valve; and a control apparatus which provides an output vacuum to be applied to the vacuum actuator which is an amplification of the venturi vacuum.
Abstract:
An exhaust gas recirculation system comprises an exhaust gas flow control valve; a vacuum actuator for operation of the flow control valve; and a control apparatus constructed and arranged such that an output vacuum of the control apparatus applied to the vacuum actuator is an amplification of the venturi vacuum modified by the intake manifold vacuum.
Abstract:
Gas recirculation into engine combustion chambers is controlled to a constant ratio with respect to the amount of induction air despite wide variations in manifold vacuum.
Abstract:
An auxiliary flow control valve is disposed in an exhaust gas recirculation passageway at a location upstream of a main flow control valve controlling the flow rate of exhaust gases recirculated into an intake system. Two conduits communicating with an intake manifold communicate with a vacuum chamber of a servo motor controlling the main flow control valve. One of the conduits has formed therein a restriction to limit the flow rate of fluid therethrough. A check valve is disposed in the other conduit to close the same when the vacuum in the intake manifold is increased and constant and to open the other conduit when the vacuum in the intake manifold is reduced.
Abstract:
Flow of secondary air into the exhaust system is regulated by diaphragm assembly controlled valves between an air supply and the exhaust system. The diaphragm assemblies respond to vacuum in the intake air system of the engine.