公开(公告)号：US4996884A

公开(公告)日：1991-03-05

申请号：US468593

申请日：1990-01-23

Applicant: Rainer Lessing

Inventor： Rainer Lessing

IPC: G01B11/00 ,  G01B11/16 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G01M11/08

CPC classification number: G01M11/086 ,  G01B11/16 ,  G01L1/245

Abstract: A light waveguide sensor for small pulling or pressing forces comprises a primarily coated light waveguide, a coil wound on the light waveguide and composed of an element having a diameter which is smaller than a diameter of the primarily coated light waveguide, a casing surrounding the primarily coated light waveguide and the coil and composed of a fiber reinforced synthetic plastic material with longitudinally extending, pulling resistant fibers embedded in a synthetic plastic matrix, the coil being composed of a plurality of coils arranged in cross-lay relative to one another on the light waveguide and each having a pitch length greater than 2.2 times the diameter of the primarily coated light waveguide.

Abstract translation: 用于小拉力或压力的光波导传感器包括主要涂覆的光波导，缠绕在光波导上的线圈，并且由直径小于主要涂覆的光波导的直径的元件组成，壳体围绕主要 所述线圈由纤维增强的合成塑料材料构成，所述纤维增强合成塑料材料具有嵌入在合成塑料基体中的纵向延伸的抗拉纤维，所述线圈由在光线上相对于彼此交叉布置的多个线圈组成 波导，每个具有大于主要涂覆的光波导的直径的2.2倍的节距长度。

公开(公告)号：US4918305A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-17

申请号：US227041

申请日：1988-08-01

Applicant: Marek T. Wlodarczyk ,  Mark K. Krage ,  Deborah J. Vickers

Inventor： Marek T. Wlodarczyk ,  Mark K. Krage ,  Deborah J. Vickers

IPC: G01L1/24

CPC classification number: G01L1/245

Abstract: A microbend fiber optic pressure sensor includes a short length of sensing fiber comprising a fiber of a transparent dielectric material surrounded by a layer of aluminum or similar metal for which the real part of the complex permittivity is negative over a range of electromagnetic radiation wavelengths. The layer of aluminum is hermetically sealed to the transparent material. The sensing fiber receives light in the range of wavelengths and is subjected to microbends on the dielectric/aluminum boundary by pressure responsive mechanical apparatus for a much greater microbend light loss and therefore greater sensitivity than is obtained with similar sensors using an all glass core/cladding boundary. The sensing fiber may be an aluminum coated single mode fiber with a very small core and a large cladding layer in which the cladding modes are used and the core modes ignored or it may comprise a single glass fiber coated with aluminum. The sensing fiber is used only in the sensing region, with light coupled to one end from a light source and from the other end to a light detector through lower loss multimode optic fibers.

Abstract translation: 微弯纤维光学压力传感器包括短长度的感测光纤，其包括由铝或类似金属层围绕的透明电介质材料的光纤，其中复电介质的实部在电磁辐射波长的范围内是负的。 铝层与透明材料气密密封。 感测光纤接收波长范围内的光，并通过压力响应性机械设备在电介质/铝边界上受到微弯曲，以获得更大的微弯损耗，因此比使用全玻璃芯/包层的类似传感器获得的灵敏度更高 边界。 感测纤维可以是具有非常小的芯和大的包覆层的铝涂覆的单模光纤，其中使用包层模式，并且忽略芯模，或者它可以包括涂覆有铝的单个玻璃纤维。 感测光纤仅在感测区域中使用，光从光源耦合到一端，另一端通过较低损耗的多模光纤耦合到光检测器。

公开(公告)号：US4795232A

公开(公告)日：1989-01-03

申请号：US847660

申请日：1986-03-05

Applicant: Sven A. R. Persson

Inventor： Sven A. R. Persson

IPC: G01D5/26 ,  G01D5/353 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G01L11/02 ,  G02B6/44

CPC classification number: G01L11/025 ,  G01D5/35345 ,  G01D5/35377 ,  G01L1/245

Abstract: A fibre-optic cable responsive to microbending and forming part of a device for measuring pressure in accordance with the principle of creating a periodic mechanical disturbance in the fibre. The cable comprises a fibre (F) having a core (C) and a core-sheathing (M). An elongated element in the form of a twisted filament (T1, T2) or a twisted band (B) extends along the fibre, and a primary shield (H) encases the fibre and the twisted element such that the twisted element contacts the sheathing at periodically spaced separate regions.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / SE85 / 00265 Sec。 371日期：1986年3月5日 102（e）1986年3月5日PCT申请日1985年6月27日PCT公布。 出版物WO86 / 00988 日期1986年2月13日。一种响应于微弯曲的光纤电缆，并且形成根据在光纤中产生周期性机械干扰的原理测量压力的装置的一部分。 电缆包括具有芯（C）和芯鞘（M）的纤维（F）。 呈长丝形状的细长元件（T1，T2）或扭曲带（B）沿着纤维延伸，主屏蔽（H）包裹纤维和扭曲元件，使得扭曲元件接触护套 周期性分隔的区域。

公开(公告)号：US4734577A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-29

申请号：US080231

申请日：1987-07-28

Applicant: Nicholas C. Szuchy

Inventor： Nicholas C. Szuchy

IPC: G01B11/16 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G01N3/00

CPC classification number: G01B11/18 ,  G01L1/243 ,  G01L1/245

Abstract: A fiber optic load measuring system, and method of constructing the same, are disclosed which comprises a light source, a fiber optic attenuator, a photodetector, and a signal processor. The fiber optic attenuator was formed to have a curved portion along the length thereof disposed in low transfer relation with the surface where the load is to be measured. The signal processor is adapted to receive signals from the photodetector and measure variations attributable to the application of a load on the surface. The processor is further adapted to linearly translate the detected variations to compute deformation of the curved portion in response to an applied load.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种光纤负载测量系统及其构造方法，其包括光源，光纤衰减器，光电检测器和信号处理器。 光纤衰减器被形成为具有沿着其长度设置成与要测量负载的表面低传输关系的弯曲部分。 信号处理器适于接收来自光电检测器的信号并且测量归因于在表面上施加负载的变化。 处理器还适于线性地转换检测到的变化，以响应于施加的负载来计算弯曲部分的变形。

公开(公告)号：US4572950A

公开(公告)日：1986-02-25

申请号：US450809

申请日：1982-12-17

Applicant: Alan L. Harmer

Inventor： Alan L. Harmer

IPC: G01L11/00 ,  G01B11/16 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G01M11/08 ,  G08B13/12 ,  G08C23/04

CPC classification number: G01M11/085 ,  G01B11/18 ,  G01L1/245 ,  G08B13/186

Abstract: An optical fiber disposed between a light source and a photodetector is subjected at a number of points, equispaced along its axis, to a transverse pressure causing a significant attenuation of the transmitted luminous radiation. The optimum spacing of the pressure points is a function of the radius of the fiber core and of the refractive indices of its core and its envelope. These pressure points are formed by turns of a substantially incompressible helix which is wound around the fiber and which may be constituted by an internal or external rib of a surrounding flexible sheath of similarly incompressible material. The pressure may be applied by a piezoelectrical transducer and may be modulated by an electrical signal to be picked up by the photodetector.

Abstract translation: 设置在光源和光电检测器之间的光纤经受许多点，沿着其轴线等距离地受到导致透射的发光的显着衰减的横向压力。 压力点的最佳间距是纤芯的半径和其芯的折射率及其包络的函数。 这些压力点由围绕纤维缠绕的基本上不可压缩的螺旋形成，并且可以由类似不可压缩材料的周围柔性护套的内部或外部肋构成。 压力可以由压电换能器施加，并且可以由电信号调制以由光电检测器拾取。

公开(公告)号：US4463254A

公开(公告)日：1984-07-31

申请号：US297058

申请日：1981-08-27

Applicant: Charles K. Asawa ,  Michael K. Barnoski ,  Shi-Kay Yao

Inventor： Charles K. Asawa ,  Michael K. Barnoski ,  Shi-Kay Yao

IPC: G01L1/24

CPC classification number: G01L1/245

Abstract: A system for remote measurement of structural forces includes a plurality of microbend transducers mounted along the length of the structure for microbending an optical fiber in response to structural forces, such as stress acting upon an oil or gas pipeline or the like. An optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) has a light source for launching a pulsed optical signal for passage through the fiber and a photodetector for sensing as a function of time the intensity of backscattered light reflected back through the fiber, wherein this sensed time function is correlated directly with discrete longitudinal positions along the length of the fiber and the structure. When one or more of the microband transducers is activated to induce a microbend in the fiber in response to localized forces acting upon the structure, a portion of the backscattered light is lost at the microbend. This attenuation in backscattered light intensity is sensed quantitatively and positionally identified by the photodetector. Specific preferred constructions for microbend transducers and system arrangements particularly adapted for detecting structural strain in an oil or gas pipeline are disclosed.

Abstract translation: 用于远程测量结构力的系统包括沿着结构的长度安装的多个微弯曲换能器，用于响应于结构力（例如作用在油或气体管线等上的应力）而微纤维弯曲光纤。 光学时域反射计（OTDR）具有用于发射用于通过光纤的脉冲光信号的光源和用于感测作为时间的函数的光电检测器，通过光纤反射回反向散射光的强度，其中该感测时间函数为 与纤维长度和结构的离散纵向位置直接相关。 当一个或多个微带换能器被激活以响应于作用在结构上的局部力引起纤维中的微弯曲时，部分后向散射光在微弯处丧失。 反射散射光强度中的衰减由光电检测器定量和位置地识别。 公开了用于微弯传感器和特别适用于检测油或气管线中的结构应变的系统布置的特定优选结构。

公开(公告)号：US4421979A

公开(公告)日：1983-12-20

申请号：US297052

申请日：1981-08-27

Applicant: Charles K. Asawa ,  Shi-Kay Yao

Inventor： Charles K. Asawa ,  Shi-Kay Yao

IPC: G01L1/24 ,  G02B5/14

CPC classification number: G01L1/245

Abstract: A system for remote measurement of structural forces includes a plurality of microbend transducers mounted along the length of the structure for microbending an optical fiber in response to structural forces, such as stress acting upon an oil or gas pipeline or the like. An optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) has a light source for launching a pulsed optical signal for passage through the fiber and a photodetector for sensing as a function of time the intensity of backscattered light reflected back through the fiber, wherein this sensed time function is correlated directly with discrete longitudinal positions along the length of the fiber and the structure. When one or more of the microbend transducers is activated to induce a microbend in the fiber in response to localized forces acting upon the structure, a portion of the backscattered light is lost at the microbend. This attenuation in backscattered light intensity is sensed quantitatively and positionally identified by the photodetector. Specific preferred constructions for microbend transducers and system arrangements particularly adapted for detecting structural strain in an oil or gas pipeline are disclosed.

Abstract translation: 用于远程测量结构力的系统包括沿着结构的长度安装的多个微弯曲换能器，用于响应于结构力（例如作用在油或气体管线等上的应力）而微纤维弯曲光纤。 光时域反射计（OTDR）具有用于发射用于通过光纤的脉冲光信号的光源，以及光电检测器，用于根据通过光纤反射回的反向散射光的强度随时间感测，其中该感测时间函数为 与纤维长度和结构的离散纵向位置直接相关。 当一个或多个微弯变换器被激活以响应于作用在结构上的局部力引起纤维中的微弯曲时，反向散射光的一部分在微弯处丧失。 反射散射光强度中的衰减由光电检测器定量和位置地识别。 公开了用于微弯传感器和特别适用于检测油或气管线中的结构应变的系统布置的特定优选结构。

公开(公告)号：US4163397A

公开(公告)日：1979-08-07

申请号：US846799

申请日：1977-10-31

Applicant: Alan L. Harmer

Inventor： Alan L. Harmer

IPC: G02B6/02 ,  G01B11/00 ,  G01B11/16 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G02B6/14 ,  G01N3/00

CPC classification number: G01L1/245

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for measuring strain in a solid object, wherein the apparatus is arranged to use the deflection of a light guiding structure as a strain responsive element for determining the amount of applied stress to be measured. The apparatus typically comprises a curved light guiding structure including a medium of given refractive index surrounded by a medium of lower refractive index than that of the medium of given refractive index; means for injecting light into the structure and means for analyzing the change in the propagation characteristics of the light emerging from the structure; and, means for attaching and maintaining the light guiding structure to the solid object in such a way that stresses acting upon the object are translated into changes of the curved form of the structure, creating changes in the propagation of the injected light whereby the strain in the object can be determined.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于测量固体物体中的应变的装置，其中该装置被布置成使用导光结构的偏转作为应变响应元件，以确定所测量的施加的应力的量。 该装置通常包括弯曲的光导结构，该结构包括具有比具有给定折射率的介质的折射率低的介质包围的给定折射率的介质; 用于将光注入结构的装置和用于分析从结构出射的光的传播特性变化的装置; 以及用于将导光结构附接并保持在固体物体上的装置，使得作用在物体上的应力被转化为结构的弯曲形式的变化，从而产生注入光的传播的变化， 可以确定对象。

公开(公告)号：US20170215736A1

公开(公告)日：2017-08-03

申请号：US15486295

申请日：2017-04-12

Applicant: Shenzhen Darma Technology Co., Ltd.

Inventor： JUNHAO HU

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/0476 ,  A61B5/0205 ,  A61B5/11

CPC classification number: A61B5/0082 ,  A61B5/0022 ,  A61B5/0205 ,  A61B5/021 ,  A61B5/024 ,  A61B5/02405 ,  A61B5/0476 ,  A61B5/0816 ,  A61B5/1102 ,  A61B5/1116 ,  A61B5/1123 ,  A61B5/4812 ,  A61B5/6891 ,  A61B5/6892 ,  A61B5/7207 ,  A61B5/725 ,  A61B5/7257 ,  A61B5/746 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  G01L1/245 ,  G16H40/67 ,  Y02A90/26

Abstract: An intensity-based, micro-bending optical fiber sensor is disclosed herein, which is configured to acquire clean, stable, and reliable vital sign signals. Related systems and methods for vital sign monitoring are also provided herein. The sensor of various embodiments includes a multi-mode optical fiber, an LED light source, an LED driver, a receiver, and a single layer deformer structure. In various embodiments, the optical fiber and single layer deformer structure of the sensor are selected to meet specific parameters necessary to achieve a level of reliability and sensitivity needed to successfully monitor vital signs. In some embodiments, a specific sizing relationship exists between the optical fiber and the single layer deformer structure. In some embodiments, the sensor is configured to acquire ballistocardiograph waveforms.

公开(公告)号：US09329334B2

公开(公告)日：2016-05-03

申请号：US14169969

申请日：2014-01-31

Applicant: Weatherford/Lamb, Inc.

Inventor： John L. Maida, Jr. ,  Alan D. Kersey

IPC: G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/02 ,  E21B47/12 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G01L11/02 ,  G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/26 ,  G02B6/028

CPC classification number: G02B6/02314 ,  E21B47/123 ,  G01L1/242 ,  G01L1/245 ,  G01L1/246 ,  G01L11/025 ,  G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02338 ,  G02B6/024 ,  G02B6/028 ,  G02B6/0281 ,  G02B6/262

Abstract: A side-hole optical cane for measuring pressure and/or temperature is disclosed. The side-hole cane has a light guiding core containing a sensor and a cladding containing symmetrical side-holes extending substantially parallel to the core. The side-holes cause an asymmetric stress across the core of the sensor creating a birefringent sensor. The sensor, preferably a Bragg grating, reflects a first and second wavelength each associated with orthogonal polarization vectors, wherein the degree of separation between the two is proportional to the pressure exerted on the core. The side-hole cane structure self-compensates and is insensitive to temperature variations when used as a pressure sensor, because temperature induces an equal shift in both the first and second wavelengths. Furthermore, the magnitude of these shifts can be monitored to deduce temperature, hence providing the side-hole cane additional temperature sensing capability that is unaffected by pressure. Additionally, the side-hole cane can be used to measure a differential pressure between a first pressure ported to the side-holes and a second external pressure.