Abstract:
An optical structure is provided. The optical structure includes a substrate (1) having a surface. A modified barium titanate (3) is deposited on the surface of the substrate. Barium titanate is modified by addition of zr, hf, k or su.
Abstract:
This is an electro-optic modulator having an electro-optic substrate such as lithium niobate (100), an optical waveguide (200) defined within the substrate, an electrode structure including a microwave transmission line (300) elevated from the substrate by conductive legs (350A). In one embodiment, a low-dielectric constant buffer layer (400) is disposed between the substrate and the transmission line. The conductive legs extend from the transmission line to a surface of the substrate toward the wavequide, through the buffer layer. The microwave transmission line is elevated from the substrate at a distance such that the electrical propagation velocity is at a maximum. The high electrical velocity is offset by a loading capacitance introduced by the conductive legs which slows the electrical velocity down on the transmission line to match the optical velocity. Pairs of opposing conductive legs provide a strong electric filed for modulating the optical signal.
Abstract:
A high-performance optical waveguide type optical modulator which is restrained in buffer layer contamination and dc drift when a signal electric field regulating area is formed in a buffer layer by a lift-off method or etching method, and is excellent in long-term reliability, the optical waveguide type optical modulator (10) comprising a substrate (11) having electrooptic effects, an optical waveguide (12) formed on the front layer of the substrate (11), a traveling wave type signal electrode (13a) and a grounding electrode (13b) formed on the substrate (11), for controlling guided light, a buffer layer (14) formed between the electrode (13) and the optical waveguide (12), and a dielectric layer (15) provided on the entire surface on the electrode (13) side of the buffer layer (14), wherein a signal electric field regulating area (16) having a width larger than the traveling wave type signal electrode (13a) and consisting of a material larger in refractive index than the dielectric layer (15) is formed between the dielectric layer (15) and the electrode (13a).
Abstract:
In one aspect of the invention, a method for pressurized annealing of lithium niobate or lithium tantalate structures, such as optical modulators and optical wave guides, comprises pressurizing an oxygen atmosphere containing a lithium niobate or lithium tantalate structure above normal atmospheric pressure, heating the structure to a temperature ranging from about 150 degrees Celsius to about 1000 degrees Celsius, maintaining pressure and temperature to effect ion exchange or to relieve stress, and cooling the structure to an ambient temperature at an appropriate ramp down rate. In another aspect of the invention a lithium niobate structure such as an optical waveguide or an optical modulator comprises an optically transparent portion that is substantially void of free protons.
Abstract:
A light modulator of waveguide type (40) comprises electrooptic substrate (1), an optical waveguide (2) for guiding light wave, a traveling wave type signal electrode (3) for controlling the guided light, and a grounding electrode (4). A buffer layer (6), having a width W greater than the width omega of the traveling wave type signal electrode (3), is formed only under traveling wave type signal electrode (3), and the buffer layer is buried at least in part into the surface portion of the substrate (1).
Abstract:
An optical switch (10) for switching light from one leg (34A) of an optical circuit to another leg (34B) is characterized by an arrangement (56) for altering the index of refraction of one of the legs with respect to the other leg. This results in a disparity in light velocity and a change in phase relationship for the light being propagated through the legs (34A, 34B). When the legs (34A, 34B) are brought into a coupling region (24), there occurs a predetermined transfer of light from one leg to the other, depending upon the magnitude of the alteration in phase relationship between the light propagated in the legs.
Abstract:
A display may be provided with a color filter layer. The display may have a thin-film transistor layer and a layer of liquid crystal material that is interposed between the color filter layer and the thin-film transistor layer. The color filter layer may include an array of color filter elements on a transparent substrate. The color filter elements may be formed from colored photoresist. An inorganic layer may be deposited on the color filter elements. An opaque matrix such a black matrix formed from black photoresist may be formed on the inorganic layer. The color photoresist color filter elements may be rectangular and may be arranged on the transparent substrate in a rectangular array. The black matrix may contain an array of rectangular openings. Each of the openings of the black matrix may be aligned with a corresponding one of the color filter elements.