Abstract:
A protected article has a substrate (30) and a protective structure (33) overlying a surface (32) of the substrate (30). The protective structure (33) includes a protective layer (34) overlying the surface (32) of the substrate (30) and having an aluminum content greater than that of the substrate (30), and a bond-coat layer (40) of a bond-coat-layer metal. The bond-coat-layer metal has a bond-coat initial composition having at least about 60 percent by weight platinum, rhodium, palladium, or combinations thereof. There may be a diffusion-barrier layer between the surface (32) of the substrate (30) and the protective layer (34), and there may be a ceramic thermal barrier coating overlying the bond-coat layer (40).
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for predicting and avoiding lean blow-outs (LBOs) in a gas turbine engine; the method includes extracting (116) a plurality of tones in pressure signals (102) representative of pressure within monitored combustor cans, tracking (128) a frequency of a hot tone in each monitored can, and utilizing the extracted tones and the tracked frequency to determine (124) a probability of an LBO.