Abstract:
PURPOSE: An organic ELD(ElectroLuminescence Device) is provided to be capable of enhancing the efficiency in low voltage by increasing the charge implantation efficiency of a cathode. CONSTITUTION: An anode(22), a hole carrier layer(23), and electron carrier layer(24) and a multi-layered cathode are sequentially stacked on a glass substrate(21). The cathode consists of the first metal layer(25a), a non-conductor layer(25b) and the second metal layer(25c). The first metal layer(25a) has a thickness so that hot electrons can pass through without losing their energies. The non-conductor layer(25b) is formed on the first metal layer, and has a thickness so that electrons can pass through. The second metal layer(25c) is formed on the non-conductor layer(25b).
Abstract:
PURPOSE: A field effect transistor and a pixel driving circuit of an active display is to lower a driving voltage of a field effect transistor and raise a movement and a field effect of a charge conveyor in a semiconductor layer. CONSTITUTION: A ferroelectric(32) is deposited on a gate(31). An organic semiconductor layer(33) and a source/drain(34) are formed on the ferroelectric. The organic semiconductor uses a simple molecular organic, a polymer and so forth. The ferroelectric consists of a PZT(Pb(Zr, Ti)O3) and so forth, and has a dielectric rate of 1000 to 1500 at a thin film state. A pixel driving circuit of an active drive type display comprises a storage battery, a luminescence element, the first FET for controlling the storage battery, and the second FET for controlling a current flowing into the luminescence element. The first field effect transistor consists of the gate, the ferroelectric formed on the gate, the organic semiconductor formed on the ferroelectric, and the source/drain.
Abstract:
PURPOSE: A polarization controller is provided to always separate the output light of an incident light by 50% by means of a characteristic of a mode separator by electrically negative-feedbacking the intensity of the output light until the intensity of the output light becomes identical so as to automatically control phases of the incident light. CONSTITUTION: A polarization controller includes an optical fiber polarization separator(2). The optical fiber polarization separator(2) outputs an input light having a given polarization to two ports having a linear polarization state. A waveguide type 2x2 mode separator(6) receives the two outputs from the optical fiber polarization separator(2) to separate of the two input lights with the difference in the phase of the two input light by 90 degree maintained, so that the power of the output light becomes 50% of the input lights regardless of the polarization state of the input lights. A phase matching feedback circuit(16) detects the intensity of the two output lights from the waveguide type 2x2 mode separator(6) to differential-amplify the intensity by the difference between them and then controls the phase of the input lights inputted to the waveguide type 2x2 mode separator(6) to obtain a stable output power regardless of the polarization of the input light.