Abstract:
Approaches, apparatuses and methods for LIDAR applications based on mode-selective frequency conversion are disclosed. In one embodiment, a pulse generation unit includes a mode- locked fiber laser and optical fiber bandpass filters. In the second embodiment, a LIDAR transceiver unit based on a simple, bidirectional monostatic coaxial arrangement using off-the- shelf telecom-grade optical components includes optical fiber, fiber collimator, optical fiber circulator, optical fiber isolator and wavelength combiner. A frequency conversion detection system with single photon sensitivity includes a nonlinear optical material for frequency conversion, coupled with optimized pump pulses for efficient conversion and noise rejection, optical band pass filters for noise rejection and a single photon detection system for detecting the converted signal.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for determining whether a text is deceptive has a computer programmed with software that automatically analyzes a text message in digital form for deceptiveness by at least one of statistical analysis of text content to ascertain and evaluate psycho-linguistic cues that are present in the text message, IP geo-location of the source of the message, gender analysis of the author of the message, authorship similarity analysis, and analysis to detect coded/camouflaged messages. The computer has access to truth data against which the veracity of the text message can be compared and a graphical user interface through which a user of the system can control the system and receive results concerning the deceptiveness of the text message analyzed by the system. The computer may be connectable to the Internet and may obtain the text to be analyzed either under the control of the user or automatically.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for determining whether a text is deceptive may comprise analyzing a body of textual content known to be one of text containing true content and text containing deceptive content; identifying psycho-linguistic cues that are indicative of a text being deceptive; statistically analyzing, via a computing device, a given text based upon the psycho-linguistic cues to determine if the text is deceptive. The apparatus and method may further comprise weighting the psycho-linguistic cues and statistically analyzing based on the weighted psycho- linguistic cues. The statistically analyzing step may be performed using one of a cue matching analysis, a weighted cue matching analysis, a Markov chain analysis, and a sequential probability ratio testing binary hypothesis analysis. The psycho-linguistic cues may be separated into categories, including increasing trend cues and decreasing trend cues and analyzed according to presence in a category from within the categories.
Abstract:
A method is disclosed for modifying an iterated block cipher by controlling the operations and transformations that cause diffusion. In one embodiment which is applicable to any iterated block cipher (12), a diffusion function (10), during encryption, is selected based on a parameter which measures the order of permutation of the diffusion function (10) and applies the diffusion function (10) to the encryption routine (12). The user chooses the required amount of diffusion for a given block of plaintext (11). The plaintext (11) is then encrypted using the modified diffusion function (10) to produce a ciphertext (14) which is then sent over a communications channel (16) which may be noisy. At the receiving end (18) of the communications channel (16), the received ciphertext (20), which now may be corrupted by bit errors, is passed through an iterated block cipher decryption routine (22) using the same diffusion function (10) selected earlier during encryption. In a second embodiment, the SCOPE method is applied to the DES encryption and decryption standard. The expansion bits (82) of DES are replaced with a minicipher (98a-98n), and the DES standard permutation box (88) is replaced with a permutation box (104a-104n) modified according to a user-specified order of permutation. In a third embodiment, the SCOPE method is applied to the AES encryption and decryptionstandard. In the SCOPE-enhanced version of AES, diffusion is controlled by altering the diffusion of the "MixColumn" or "InvMixColumn" transformations based on its branch number and by changing the number of shifts in the "ShiftRow" or "InvShiftRow" transformations.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for the production of hydrogen peroxide by direct catalytic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen that uses as a catalyst, a platinum group metal on an acidified support. The present invention also provides a sol-gel catalyst for use in the process and a process for the preparation of the catalyst.
Abstract:
A process for stabilizing chromium in a chromite ore processing residue (COPR) comprises the steps of adding an acid at 14 to consume the excess alkalinity of the COPR, resulting in a pH of less than 10; and adding a chemical reductant at 18 to the COPR to convert any hexavalent chromium present to trivalent chromium. A source of sulfate may be added to the COPR at 20 to reduce heave potential and improve its geotechnical stability. Treated COPR may be encapsulated at 20 in a material suitable to prevent contact between the COPR and water, such as an asphalt.
Abstract:
Micro-, and nano-scale capsules comprising neutral (uncharged) polymeric layers, layers associated by hydrogen bonding and methods for making such capsules. The capsules of the invention are layered upon a core particle using a layer-by layer-technique. The capsule walls of the capsules of the invention give a tailored response to external stimuli.
Abstract:
A method for producing a surface-activated crystalline titanium oxide product having a high adsorptive capacity and a high rate of adsorption with respect to dissolved contaminants includes the steps of preparing a titanium oxide precipitate from a mixture comprising a hydrolysable titanium compound and heating the precipitate at a temperature of less than 300 °C, without calcining the precipitate. Preferably, the titanium oxide product includes crystalline anatase having primary crystallite diameters in the range of 1-30nm. The surface-activated crystalline titanium oxide product is used in methods to remove dissolved inorganic contaminants form dilute aqueous streams by suspending the product in an aqueous stream or by filtering an aqueous stream through a bed of the product. In another method, a hydrolysable titanium compound is added to an aqueous stream so that titanium oxides form as a co-precipitate with dissolved contaminants within a bed of particulate material.
Abstract:
A method of polishing selected ceramics and metals is provided wherein the selected ceramic or metal material is rubbed against a solid surface in the presence of a nonabrasive liquid medium which only attacks the selected ceramic or metal material under friction.