Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Sensor (110), welcher mindestens einen Messfühler (124, 140) zur Erfassung mindestens einer Messgröße umfasst. Der Sensor (110) umfasst weiterhin einen Sensorkörper (112) zur Halterung des Messfühlers (124, 140). Der Messfühler (124, 140) weist mindestens eine Anschlussleitung (212) auf. Der Sensor (110) ist modular aufgebaut und umfasst ein von dem Sensorkörper (112) getrennt ausgebildetes Kontaktierungsmodul (210) zur elektrischen Kontaktierung des Messfühlers (124, 140). Das Kontaktierungsmodul (210) umfasst mindestens ein Verbindungselement (228) und mindestens einen Steckerkontaktstift (220), wobei der Steckerkontaktstift (220) in mindestens einem Verbindungsbereich (232) von dem Verbindungselement (228) umgeben ist. Der Steckerkontaktstift (220) steht in elektrischer Verbindung zu der Anschlussleitung (212).
Abstract:
In an exemplary embodiment, a temperature sensor and a 4-20mA transmitter on a single flexible circuit subassembly with a separate housing suitable for use in industrial control or HVAC applications. In a preferred embodiment, a narrow flex circuit substrate includes a silicon diode-based surface-mount sensor at a sensor end, a surface-mount programmable transmitter IC on a flex circuit substrate in the transmitter section, conductive traces connecting the sensor to the transmitter IC, and two conductive pads at an output end for connecting the 4-20mA output to a pair of external wires. Additional traces on the flex subassembly are provided for testing and programming the transmitter IC and sensor. The sensor end of the flex subassembly is mounted in a metal sensor tube, filled and sealed in the same manner as RTD or thermistor sensors with leads are currently assembled for use in industrial control or HVAC applications. The sensor tube assembly is attached to a connection head following industry standard practices. A separate plastic housing, compliant with existing industrial control or HVAC industry standards for transmitters, is mounted in the connection head and is configured to hold the transmitter end of the flex circuit. A two position terminal block is used to connect external wires to the 4-20mA output pads. A programmable transmitter is used to calibrate both the sensor and transmitter which are mounted together on the same subassembly. This provides total system accuracy better than +/- 0.3°C over a 200°C span, compared to +/-.8°C accuracy for existing IEC class A RTD- based systems. The programmable transmitter reduces the component cost by eliminating the need for any high precision components in the system. Manufacturing and testing costs are reduced by fabricating, assembling, and testing many flex circuits together on one panel at the same time.
Abstract:
Es wird ein Fühler mit einem zur Temperaturerfassung geeigneten Fühlelement (1) und an das Fühlelement angeschlossenen Anschlussleitungen (11) angegeben, die einem stärkeren zu überwachenden Luftstrom (4) ausgesetzt werden als das Fühlelement (1) und die zur Aufnahme der Wärme des zu überwachenden luftstroms und Zuführung dieser wärme zum fühlelement vorgesehen sind.
Abstract:
A method of monitoring the performance of a chiller system includes receiving a temperature sensor reading from a temperature sensor on an input channels at an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter interface. The temperature sensor reading is converted into a first value and then converted into an equivalent resistance value using a set of calibration parameters. A first set of configuration parameters are applied to the resistance value to compensate for inaccuracies in the conversion. The resistance value is adjusted based on an internal temperature parameter. A second set of configuration parameters is applied to the resistance value to account for sensor drift over time. A set of coefficient values related to the characteristics of the sensor are received and used to convert the adjusted resistance value into a temperature value. The resistance value and temperature value are transmitted to an external system for monitoring the chiller system.
Abstract:
In a device and method for taking temperature readings on an HVAC system, a first probe is connectable in thermal communication with the HVAC system for taking a first temperature reading thereof. A second probe is connectable in thermal communication with the HVAC system for taking a second temperature reading thereof that is independent of the first temperature reading. A digital display is connectable to the first and second probes for displaying the first and second temperature readings.
Abstract:
In a device and method for taking temperature readings on an HVAC system, a first probe is connectable in thermal communication with the HVAC system for taking a first temperature reading thereof. A second probe is connectable in thermal communication with the HVAC system for taking a second temperature reading thereof that is independent of the first temperature reading. A digital display is connectable to the first and second probes for displaying the first and second temperature readings.
Abstract:
A method is described for a medium-long term meteorological forecast starting from the meteorological parameters of a large-scale geographical area (SG) having a predefined extent. The method comprises the following phases: decomposing the meteorological parameters of the large-scale geographical area (SG) into a base component and a part which arises as a variation on a regional scale (SR), wherein the variation on a regional scale (SR) is defined as the difference between the large-scale geographical area (SG) and the base area; determining the temperature close to the surface of the base area, starting from the parameters available on the large- scale geographical area (SG), using an empirical- statistical model (statistical down-scaling); determining the deviation in the meteorological parameters on a regional scale (SR), starting from the parameters available on the large-scale geographical area (SG), using a dynamic numerical model (dynamic down-scaling); effecting the combination (ensemble down-scaling), through an applicative model, of the empirical-statistical model (statistical down-scaling) and the dynamic numerical model (dynamic down-scaling) to obtain the medium and long-term temperature forecast.
Abstract:
A method and system are provided for medium-range probabilistic prediction of extreme temperature events. Extreme temperatures are measured according to how local temperature thresholds are exceeded on daily timescales to generate a local "Magnitude Index" (MI). A regional MI reflecting the historic temperature intensity, duration and spatial extent of extreme temperature events over all locations within the region is then computed. The regional MI is used to create a synoptic catalog for each of one or more pre-defined weather variables by testing the significance of leading modes in historic atmospheric variability across specified periods of time. Current or recent weather conditions are compared against the synoptic catalog to generate probabilistic predictions of extreme temperature events based the presence of synoptic precursors identified in historic patterns.
Abstract:
Apparatus shows how land and oceans gain temperature and warming rates. Enables study of formation and behavior of water and land storms and how storms can be reduced. Apparatus collects environmental data on land and sea in real time via satellite, cell towers or wire and allows instantaneous analysis and application to global climate. Software predicts hurricanes and tornadoes while precisely pinpointing where tornadoes are to strike and path thereafter. Data locates areas to use to reduce or eradicate hurricanes and tornadoes. Data variables include geographical coordinates of location in relation to time and latitudinal position of the sun. Data shows how heat radiated from the sun is conducted to water bodies, from deserts, deforested lands, concrete structure, rocks and beaches due to their specific heat capacities. Data shows how warm water moves to the poles to melt ice. Apparatus predicts tornadoes before they form hence preventing night surprises.