Abstract:
Raman emissions from a sample may be enhanced by using a microsphere to confine the impinging radiation into a photonic nanojet and thereby increase the intensity of the radiation that is striking the sample. The amount of enhancement may be improved by configuring the diameter and refractive index of the microspheres in conjunction with the dispersion and the wavelength of the radiation to increase the intensity of the beam of radiation in the photonic nanojet.
Abstract:
An optical sensor may include a sensor head that has an optical window for directing light into a flow of fluid and/or receiving optical energy from the fluid. The optical sensor may also include a flow chamber that includes a housing defining a cavity into which the sensor head can be inserted. In some examples, the flow chamber includes an inlet port defining a flow nozzle that is configured to direct fluid entering the flow chamber against the optical window of the sensor head. In operation, the force of the incoming fluid impacting the optical window may prevent fouling materials from accumulating on the optical window.
Abstract:
An analytical instrument may have multiple distinct channels. Such may include one or more illumination sources and sensors. Illumination may be delivered to specific locations of a specimen holder, and returned illumination may be delivered to specific locations of a sensor array. Illumination may first pass a specimen, and a mirror or reflector may then return the illumination past the specimen. Optical splitters may be employed to couple pairs of fiber optics proximate a specimen holder. Such channels may further include a plurality of illumination sources positioned on one side of a specimen holder and a plurality of sensors on the other side. The plurality of sensor may capture image of a specimen and a spectrophotometer may concurrently scan the specimen. A plurality of specimens may be imaged and scanned in a single pass of a plurality of passes. Spherical or ball lenses may be placed in an optical path of the illumination to achieve a desired illumination pattern.
Abstract:
A fabrication cluster can be controlled using optical metrology. A fabrication process is performed on a wafer using a fabrication cluster. A photonic nanojet, an optical intensity pattern induced at a shadow-side surface of a dielectric microsphere, is generated. An inspection area on the wafer is scanned with the photonic nanojet. A measurement is obtained of the retroreflected light from the dielectric microsphere as the photonic nanojet scans the inspection area. The existence of a structure in the inspection area is determined with the obtained measurement of the retroreflected light. One or more process parameters of the fabrication cluster is adjusted based on the determination of the existence of the structure in the inspection area.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a multiple longitudinal flow cell channel electromagnetic radiation absorption or fluorescence monitoring system wherein a source of electromagnetic radiation is positioned to input electromagnetic radiation to each of the longitudinal flow cell channels, and wherein a single low cost, low drift, preferably linear and sensitized to UV, array detector system is positioned to directly simultaneously monitor electromagnetic radiation from at least two of the longitudinal flow cell channels, at different locations thereupon.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a multiple longitudinal flow cell channel electromagnetic radiation absorption or fluorescence monitoring system wherein a source of electromagnetic radiation is positioned to input electromagnetic radiation to each of the longitudinal flow cell channels, and wherein a single low cost, low drift, preferably linear and sensitized to UV, array detector system is positioned to directly simultaneously monitor electromagnetic radiation from at least two of the longitudinal flow cell channels, at different locations thereupon.
Abstract:
A method of analyzing fluid samples using a bent capillary flow cell, in which method an external UV/visible light ray beam is directed into an elongated section of the flow cell from a bend thereof, this incident light ray beam is limited to a solid acceptance angle .OMEGA.. This solid acceptance angle .OMEGA. is determined such that light rays which enter the elongated section traverse predominantly the longitudinal axis thereof, i.e. propagate through the fluid sample, providing an improved S/N ratio. Lens means, such as ball lenses, may be used at the entrance and exit side of the elongated section. A bent capillary flow cell is provided, in which the elongated section deviates by an angle .psi. from a line N perpendicular to a flat side face of a holding template.
Abstract:
[Task] To obtain an enough quantity of light being supplied from a light source, transmitted through a duct and reached to a light receiving element. [Solution for task] There is provided a transmitted light intensity measurement unit used in a fluid concentration measuring device for measuring a concentration of a fluid flowing through a duct having a light-transmissive and deformable duct wall, comprises: a light source for supplying light into the duct from a light supply part on a surface of the duct; a light receiving element for receiving the light, which has been passed from the light supply part through the duct wall and the fluid inside the duct, at a light receiving part located on an opposite side in a diametrical direction of the duct relative to the light supply part, and outputs a signal indicating an intensity of the light; and a light-transmissive member disposed on at least one light path among a light pass between the light source and the light supply part and a light pass between the light receiving element and the light receiving part, abutting and closely contacting the duct wall by an elastic deformation of the duct wall.