Abstract:
Ions in a steady flow sample are counted by colliding the ions in a mixing chamber (2) with a numerical excess of uncharged aerosol particles, suitably glycerol, entrained in air, to transfer respective charges from the ions to charge individual aerosol particles and passing the gases through a separating chamber (5) subjected to an electric field to direct the charges aerosol particles to impinge upon an optical particle counter (7).
Abstract:
A method for gapping a ferrite core (10) by coating the core with a stabilizing material (32), fracturing the core with a laser beam (44) thereby creating one or more gaps (47) in the cores magnetic field, optionally opening the fracture to obtain a desired inductance, and then sealing the core.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a measurement device (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) having an electron-releasing device (8), an electron-accepting device (13, 31, 32) and an ion-accepting device (19, 23, 24), a measuring section device (6) being provided, which is formed separately from the at least one electron-accepting device (13, 31, 32).
Abstract:
An electrode for an ionization chamber and an ionization chamber including an electrode are provided wherein the electrode comprises a substrate comprising a first material, and a plurality of nanowires extending from the substrate and manufactured by processing the first material of the substrate.
Abstract:
Es ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Detektieren eines Plasmas in einer Prozesskammer zur Behandlung von Substraten offenbart. Bei dem Verfahren wird der Drucks innerhalb der Prozesskammer mit einem Drucksensor über einen Zeitraum gemessen, eine sprunghafte Druckänderung, die durch ein Zünden oder ein Erlöschen eines Plasmas bedingt ist detektiert und eine Zündung oder ein Erlöschens eines Plasmas anhand wenigstens der Druckänderung bestimmt. Die Vorrichtung weist eine Prozesskammer zur Aufnahme wenigstens eines Substrats mit wenigstens einem Plasmaerzeuger, wenigstens einen Drucksensor, der so angeordnet ist, dass er den Druck innerhalb der Prozesskammer detektieren und ein dem Druck entsprechendes Ausgangssignal ausgeben kann, und wenigstens eine Auswerteeinheit auf. Die Auswerteeinheit ist in der Lage ein Ausgangssignal des Drucksensors über einen Zeitraum hinweg zu verfolgen und wenigstens anhand einer sprunghaften Veränderung des Ausgangssignals des Drucksensors eine Zündung oder ein Erlöschens eines Plasmas zu ermitteln.
Abstract:
Ions in a steady flow sample are counted by colliding the ions in a mixing chamber with a numerical excess of uncharged or neutral aerosol particles, suitably glycerol, entrained in air, to transfer respective charges from the ions to charge individual aerosol particles and passing the gases through a separating chamber subjected to an electric field to direct the charged aerosol particles to impinge upon an optical particle counter.
Abstract:
Ions in a flow sample (1) are counted by colliding the ions with a numerical excess of uncharged aerosol particles (3) in air in a mixing chamber (2), to transfer respective charges from the ions to charge individual aerosol particles. The mixed gases are passed through a separating chamber (5) subjected to an electric field from opposing electrodes to direct the charged aerosol particles to impinge upon a particle counter (7). Nano particles, clusters or molecules may be used instead of aerosol particles, and the counter may be an optical or condensation particle counter or nephelometer. The method enables very low concentrations of ions in a gas to be counted.
Abstract:
An improved ionisable gas or vapour detector device and method are provided which are capable in preferred forms of sampling 4 x 10 cubic metres or more of air sec and are responsive to ionisable gas fluctuations at a rate of up to 100Hz. Use of the device of the present invention has proved to provide sensitivity to UV ionisable gas or vapour of over 500 times that of prior devices, giving detection of propylene tracer gas at concentrations of 2 parts per 1,000,000,000 and thus increasing the range from the gas source at which the device may be reliably used. Use for detection of leaks of volatile UV ionisable compounds and for monitoring processes where vapours are emitted is also provided.