Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for chlorination of silver materials in the forms of wire, thick film paste and metallic sheet/disc. The method is environmentally friendly since the process does not produce hazardous chemicals or flammable gas. The electrochemical setup includes position the electrode containing silver materials in the anode and a platinum wire at the cathode. A DC voltage supply between 1 to 5 volts oxidizes the silver surface which receives chloride from imidazolium chloride solution to produce silver chloride on silver wire, film or disc. The imidazolium chloride reagent can be in aqueous solution or polar organic solvents or naturally exists in ionic liquid form. The imidazolium radical cation decomposes to produce a stabilized organic radical and an imidazole molecule. The stabilized radical recombines to produce volatile organic compound that can be recovered by simple distillation. The chlorination reagent can be regenerated by re-introducing the stabilized group at N1.
Abstract:
An energy harvesting device (100) comprises a hollow prismatic body (12) formed of a plurality of faces are coated with a piezoelectric layer thereon, a plurality of elongated cantilevers (14) are arranged spatially from each other and inserted through the faces of the hollow prismatic body (12), the elongated cantilevers (14) are coated with a piezoelectric layer thereon, and at least one inner resilient means (16) of a particular stiffness having one end attached the hollow prismatic body (12) after determined the centre of gravity and mass of the hollow prismatic body (12) and the other end attached to a base (18) in order to be stable on its axis, wherein the device (100) is capable of detecting small amount of environmentally available vibration sources and producing huge vibration to the hollow prismatic body (12) and the cantilevers (14), thereby inducing the device (100) to generate electrical energy. The energy harvesting device (100) is capable of harvesting energy from ambient low scale vibration. Therefore it is applicable to any kind of energy harvesting where mechanical force in need to converted to electrical energy.
Abstract:
A method of integrating quantum key distribution with Internet key exchange protocol, wherein the method comprises exchanging quantum-shared secret index from a cryptographic key database in Phase 1 of the Internet key exchange protocol between an initiator and a responder (100), integrating a number of quantum-shared secret from the cryptographic key database with classic shared secret using a predetermined operation mode in Phase 2 of the Internet key exchange protocol (200) to generate an array of security associations to be used by the initiator and the responder during a single Internet key exchange session, and managing inbound and outbound of the array of security associations in a security association database (402) using a database structure.
Abstract:
An energy harvesting device (100) comprises a hollow prismatic body (12) formed of a plurality of faces are coated with a piezoelectric layer thereon, a plurality of elongated cantilevers (14) are arranged spatially from each other and inserted through the faces of the hollow prismatic body (12), the elongated cantilevers (14) are coated with a piezoelectric layer thereon, and at least one inner resilient means (16) of a particular stiffness having one end attached the hollow prismatic body (12) and the other end is coupled with a base (18) in order to stabilize the device on its axis. The device (100) is capable of detecting small amounts of environmentally available vibration sources and producing huge vibration to the hollow prismatic body (12) and the cantilevers (14), thereby inducing the device (100) to generate electrical energy that can be stored or used by an exteranl load.
Abstract:
An energy harvester comprising a base; one or more first resilient means mounted on the base; a hollow chamber having a mounting point pivotally attached to the first resilient means; a hollow member enclosed within the hollow chamber being attached to one or more second resilient means extending from the mounting point in static equilibrium such that the center of mass of the hollow member is aligned with the second resilient means at a vertical axis; a plurality of piezoelectric material-built cantilevers mounted on the hollow member; an integrated circuit connecting the hollow chamber, hollow member, and piezoelectric material-built cantilevers with at least one of a primary storage and a device, wherein the energy is harvested through vibration of the plurality of piezoelectric material-built cantilevers at its approximately resonant frequency, reciprocation of the hollow chamber and the hollow member upon application of a force.
Abstract:
A method (100) and system (200) for ontology navigation and visualization, the system (200) comprises an ontology navigator (202). The ontology navigator (202) comprises means for graphically displaying a plurality of concepts (102) of at least one ontology knowledge base (206), receiving a user query of at least one concept from the plurality of concepts (104), identifying a visualization application (204) for visualizing the at least one concept (106), generating an information set (108) of the at least one concept recognized by the visualization application (204), and forwarding the information set (110) of the at least one concept to the visualization application (204).
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the synthesis of lipophilic or immobilized monobasic phosphate (H2PO4) ionophores (7, 8a, 8b and 11) to be used as ion recognition molecules for monobasic phosphate (H2PO4″) in the cocktail preparation of hydrophobic polymer membranes in ion selective electrode (ISE) or ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) chemical sensors for detection of monobasic phosphate (H2PO4) ionic species in soil, synthetic media, hydrophonic liquid, tree sap, ground water and rivers.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及在疏水性聚合物膜离子的混合物制剂中用作亲水或固定的一元磷酸盐(H 2 PO 4)离子载体(7,8a,8b和11)作为离子识别分子用于磷酸二氢盐(H 2 PO 4“)的合成 选择电极(ISE)或离子敏感场效应晶体管(ISFET)化学传感器,用于检测土壤,合成介质,水溶液,树汁,地下水和河流中的一磷酸盐(H2PO4)离子物质。
Abstract:
A system for communication in a wireless backhaul environment having a wireless mesh network connected in part to the Internet, comprising a communication topology having WiMAX gateway/base stations with multi-hop capability located at each corner, and communication cells each having a relay station and mobile nodes communicating to each other using WiMAX wireless technology, wherein the communication cells are arranged to be connected to each other in a grid fabric.