Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To introduce a multiplex input multiplex output wireless communication system for cost reduction caused by increase in the optical fiber between base stations. SOLUTION: This system is provided with at least a first and a second antennas that receive a first and a second radio frequency signals, a multiplex system that transforms the first and the second radio frequency signals into a first and a second optical signals, and multiplexes the first and the second optical signals for transmission through an optical fiber 12. A central processing base station 14 lends itself to the connection of the optical fiber 12. The central processing base station 14 demultiplexes the first and the second optical signals from the optical fiber 12, transforms the first and the second optical signals into the first and the second radio frequency signals, and processes the first and the second radio frequency signals for deriving information. In alternative embodiment, conductors such as a coaxial cable are used as a substitute for an optical fiber and a multiplexer 10 multiplexes the first and the second radio frequency signals into a conductor. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide methods and apparatus for decoding codes that can be described using bipartite graphs having interconnected bit nodes and check nodes.SOLUTION: A magnitude of a check-to-bit node message from a check node (j) to a bit node (i) is computed based on a sum of transformed magnitudes of bit-to-check node messages for a plurality of bit nodes connected to the check node (j), excluding the transformed magnitude of a bit-to-check node message for the bit node (i) and the check node (j). A positive/negative sign of the check-to-bit node message from the check node (j) to the bit node (i) may also be computed by multiplying a product Sof the positive/negative sign of the bit-to-check node message by the positive/negative sign of the bit-to-check node message for the bit node (i) and the check node (j).
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and apparatus for performing SOVA detection at higher data rates.SOLUTION: A received signal is processed by (i) determining at least three selection signals that define a plurality of paths through a multiple-step trellis into a given state, where a first path of the plurality of paths is a winning path for each single-step-trellis period of a multiple-step-trellis cycle, a second path is a winning path for a first single-step-trellis period and is a losing path for a second single-step-trellis period of a multiple-step-trellis cycle, and a third path is a losing path for a first single-step-trellis period and is a winning path for a second single-step-trellis period of a multiple-step-trellis cycle; and (ii) determining a reliability value for a bit decision associated with a maximum-likelihood path through the multiple-step trellis or a plurality of reliability values for each multiple-step-trellis cycle.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device and a method to enhance call center support for a mobile communication device.SOLUTION: A method for providing call center support to a mobile communication device is provided. The method in one embodiment comprises: (1) a step of establishing voice and data communication connection between a mobile communication device having a visual display and a call center communication device having a visual display; and (2) a step of causing the entirety of an image appearing on the visual display of the mobile communication device to be replicated on the visual display of the call center communication device.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a communication protocol and serial interface having an approximately fixed barrier clock and capable of adapting to a variety of communication rates.SOLUTION: The interface employs a variable-length frame that may be expanded or reduced to obtain a desired communication rate, even though a barrier clock rate is kept approximately constant. A method for designing an agile barrier interface is also provided. In particular, the barrier clock rate is preferably selected to be an approximately common multiple of the various communication rates that the barrier interface must handle. A frame length corresponding to each communication rate is obtained by dividing the barrier clock rate by ΣΔ rate. Thus, there is provided an agile communication circuit capable of communicating data through a serial interface at a variety of data rates and at an approximately fixed interface clock rate.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an integrated circuit comprising a digital circuit mechanism, having at least one digital logic cell and at least one skew adjustment cell.SOLUTION: A skew adjustment cell is configured, such that skew of a signal in a digital circuit mechanism of an integrated circuit is adjusted to a desired amount. A digital logic cell and the skew adjustment cell are selected from a cell library.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide electrostatic discharge protection for a multi-chip module of an integrated circuit.SOLUTION: An integrated circuit is provided which includes I/O circuitry that may or may not be protected from ESD damage. The protection from ESD damage may be selectively deactivated or activated or may not be present at all in one or more of the I/O circuits. In use, the integrated circuit is coupled to another integrated circuit to form a multi-chip module where the ESD protection for the I/O circuitry between the modules is deactivated or not present. This is advantageous because the likelihood of ESD damage to this I/O circuitry is reduced once the multi-chip module is formed. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary, but are not restrictive, of the invention.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a switching converter having only two high-side switching transistors and one low-side rectifier device and a control circuit.SOLUTION: A switching converter can operate with a main power supply source or an auxiliary power supply source. This invention further includes a method of generating an adjusted voltage from first and second supply voltages by two high-side switching transistors and one low-side rectifier device.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To avoid or reduce occurrence of defects of a probe and bonding.SOLUTION: A reinforcing system and a reinforcing method for reinforcing a contact pad of an integrated circuit are disclosed. Particularly a system and a method which include a reinforced structure inserted between an upper contact pad layer and a lower metallic layer are exemplified.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a barrier layer used for metallization of a semiconductor device component and deactivation of a dielectric material.SOLUTION: The barrier layer for the semiconductor device metallization component provides a silicon nitride film formed in a component recess and a refractory metal film formed over the silicon nitride film. The device component includes the dielectric material and a recess formed in the dielectric. The surface of the dielectric material within the recess is exposed to nitrogen under controlled parameters. A section of the dielectric material adjacent an interior of the recess is converted to silicon nitride. The refractory metal is then conformed deposited along the recess sidewalls. A seed layer is then deposited over the refractory metal film, and a conductive metal is then deposited within the recess. The device is then polished to remove excess metal in the outside of the recess and planarize the device.