公开(公告)号：WO2008039776A2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-03

申请号：PCT/US2007/079425

申请日：2007-09-25

Applicant: INTELLIGENT ENERGY, INC. ,  DURAISWAMY, Kandaswamy ,  CHELLAPPA, Anand

Inventor： DURAISWAMY, Kandaswamy ,  CHELLAPPA, Anand

IPC: B01D53/22

CPC classification number: C10G31/11 ,  C10G27/00 ,  C10G27/04 ,  C10G45/02

Abstract: A method of and system for reducing engine environmental atmospheric pollution emissions from a vehicle having a combustion engine utilizing hydrocarbon fuel for at least one of propulsion and auxiliary electrical power is disclosed. The method basically includes providing an unprocessed bulk fuel storage container and a clean processed fuel tank on the vehicle, supplying the engine for propulsion with fuel from the unprocessed fuel storage container when the vehicle is beyond a predetermined distance from an area having environmental restrictions passing a portion of unprocessed fuel through a desulphurization process to fill a clean fuel storage container while the vehicle is in motion and supplying the combustion engine for one of propulsion and auxiliary electrical power from clean fuel in the processed fuel storage container when the vehicle is within an area having environmental restrictions.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种减少来自具有利用烃燃料的燃烧发动机的车辆的发动机环境大气污染排放的方法和系统，所述发动机环境大气污染排放用于推进和辅助电力中的至少一个。 该方法基本上包括：当车辆距离具有环境限制的区域超过预定距离时，在车辆上提供未处理的散装燃料储存容器和清洁处理过的燃料箱，从未处理的燃料储存容器供应用于推进的发动机燃料 通过脱硫过程处理未加工的燃料的一部分以在车辆运动时填充清洁的燃料储存容器，并且当车辆处于区域内时从经处理的燃料储存容器中的清洁燃料向推进和辅助电力中的一种供应内燃机 有环境限制。

公开(公告)号：WO2006084002A3

公开(公告)日：2007-10-04

申请号：PCT/US2006003639

申请日：2006-02-01

Applicant: INTELLIGENT ENERGY INC ,  DURAISWAMY KANDASWAMY ,  WOODS RICHARD ROOT

Inventor： DURAISWAMY KANDASWAMY ,  WOODS RICHARD ROOT

IPC: B01D53/22

CPC classification number: B01D61/362 ,  C10G31/11 ,  H01M8/0675

Abstract: A process and system for separating a fuel stream containing a low concentration of sulfur compounds from a primary fuel stream is disclosed. The process includes isolating a stage one permeate stream and a stage one retentate stream from the primary fuel stream, evaporating the stage one permeate stream at a vacuum, and isolating a stage two permeate stream and a stage two retentate stream from the stage one permeate stream. The stage two retentate stream is a fuel stream containing low concentrations of sulfur compounds. The system includes a fuel supply, a stage one separator for separating a fuel stream into a stage one permeate stream and a stage one retentate stream, a stage two separator, a first supply line connecting a portion of the fuel supply to the stage one separator, and a second supply line connecting the stage one separator permeate stream to the stage two separator. The stage two separator isolates the stage one separator permeate stream into a stage two permeate stream and a stage two retentate stream.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种从初级燃料流中分离含有低浓度硫化合物的燃料流的方法和系统。 该方法包括从初级燃料流中分离一级渗透物流和一级滞留物流，在真空下蒸发一级渗透物流，并从第一级渗透物流中分离第二级渗透物流和二级渗透物流 。 第二阶段滞留物流是含有低浓度硫化合物的燃料流。 该系统包括燃料供应器，用于将燃料流分离成一级渗透物流和一级渗流物流的一级分离器，二级分离器，将一部分燃料供应器连接到一级分离器的第一供应管线 以及将一个分离器渗透物流连接到二级分离器的第二供应管线。 阶段二分离器将一个分离器渗透物流分离成阶段2渗透物流和第二阶段滞留物流。

公开(公告)号：WO2007106139A2

公开(公告)日：2007-09-20

申请号：PCT/US2006038022

申请日：2006-09-28

Applicant: INTELLIGENT ENERGY INC ,  WOODS RICHARD ROOT ,  PORTER BROOK FOREST ,  DURAISWAMY KANDASWAMY

Inventor： WOODS RICHARD ROOT ,  PORTER BROOK FOREST ,  DURAISWAMY KANDASWAMY

IPC: C07C27/26 ,  B01J8/04 ,  C01B3/16

CPC classification number: C01B3/48 ,  C01B3/34 ,  C01B2203/0216 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0283 ,  C01B2203/043 ,  C01B2203/0445 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C01B2203/146 ,  C01B2203/147 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: A hydrogen generation system is disclosed that includes a fuel reforming reactor generating a hydrogen-rich reformate gas at a temperature greater than 150C, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification unit that separates the reformate gas into a relatively pure hydrogen stream and an off-gas stream, and a catalytic reactor down stream of the PSA unit that converts carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ) contained in the relatively pure hydrogen stream into methane (CH 4 ) and water vapor (H 2 O). The method of purification involves generating a hydrogen-rich reformate gas at a temperature greater than 150C in a fuel reforming reactor, separating the reformate gas into a relatively pure hydrogen stream and an off-gas stream in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) hydrogen purification unit, and converting carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ) contained in the relatively pure hydrogen stream into methane (CH 4 ) and water vapor (H 2 O) in a catalytic reactor down stream of the PSA unit. The hydrogen can be further purified by including a secondary purification stage downstream of the PSA unit and the catalytic reactor wherein the secondary purification stage has a water adsorbent material bed that adsorbs the water vapor H 2 O and a hydrogen absorbent material downstream of the water absorbent material that absorbs hydrogen gas preferentially, thus concentrating the non-hydrogen components, such as CH 4 , into an exhaust stream that exits the bed, wherein the absorbed hydrogen gas is then desorbed to create an exiting very pure hydrogen stream.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种氢气生成系统，其包括在大于150℃的温度下产生富氢重整气体的燃料重整反应器，将重整气体分离成相对纯的氢气流的变压吸附（PSA）氢气净化单元和关闭 气流和PSA单元的下游催化反应器，其将包含在相对纯的氢流中的一氧化碳（CO）和氢（H 2 H 2）转化成甲烷（CH 4） / SUB>）和水蒸气（H 2 O 2）。 纯化方法包括在燃料重整反应器中在大于150℃的温度下产生富氢重整气体，将重整气体分离成相对纯的氢气流和在变压吸附（PSA）氢气净化中的废气流 单元，并将包含在相对纯的氢流中的一氧化碳（CO）和氢（H 2 H 2）转化成甲烷（CH 3/4）和水蒸汽（H 2 S） 2 O）在PSA单元的下游催化反应器中。 可以通过在PSA单元和催化反应器的下游包括二级净化级来进一步纯化氢气，其中二次净化级具有吸附水蒸气H 2 O 2的水吸附剂床和氢 吸收材料下游的吸收材料，优先吸收氢气，从而将非氢组分（例如CH 4）浓缩到离开床的排气流中，其中吸收的氢气是 脱附以产生离开的非常纯的氢气流。

公开(公告)号：WO2009036386A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-19

申请号：PCT/US2008/076309

申请日：2008-09-12

Applicant: CHELLAPPA, Anand, S. ,  PENA, Donovan, A. ,  HUGHES, John, K. ,  DURAISWAMY, Kandaswamy

Inventor： CHELLAPPA, Anand, S. ,  PENA, Donovan, A. ,  HUGHES, John, K. ,  DURAISWAMY, Kandaswamy

IPC: B01J8/00 ,  C01B3/38 ,  F02M27/02

CPC classification number: F02M27/02 ,  B01J23/755 ,  B01J35/06 ,  B01J37/0226 ,  B01J37/12 ,  C01B3/323 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/06 ,  C01B2203/0822 ,  C01B2203/1058 ,  C01B2203/1229 ,  C01B2203/1288 ,  Y02P20/128 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: A method and reactor suitable for reformation of fuels at low temperatures is disclosed. The method includes introducing an oxidized porous metal felts with a catalyst powder in a reaction chamber having a heat exchange relationship with a heat- providing chamber, vaporizing a liquid mixture of alcohol and water using an lconel tubing, and introducing the vaporized liquid into the reaction chamber for producing a methane gas. The fuel reforming reactor includes a heat-providing chamber in a heat exchange relationship with at least one reaction chamber. Each reaction chamber having an aluminum shim lining on at least one interior surface. Each reaction chamber accommodating a catalyst powder and an oxidized porous metal felt. The catalyst powder loaded onto the oxidized porous metal felt to facilitate production of methane gas from alcohol for use with the internal combustion engine.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种适用于低温燃料改性的方法和反应器。 该方法包括：将具有催化剂粉末的氧化的多孔金属毡与具有与供热室具有热交换关系的反应室引入，使用单螺旋管蒸发醇和水的液体混合物，并将蒸发的液体引入反应 用于生产甲烷气体的室。 燃料重整反应器包括与至少一个反应室具有热交换关系的加热室。 每个反应室在至少一个内表面上具有铝垫片衬里。 每个反应室容纳催化剂粉末和氧化的多孔金属毡。 加载到氧化的多孔金属上的催化剂粉末感到有助于从内燃机中使用的乙醇生成甲烷气体。

公开(公告)号：WO2008039762A3

公开(公告)日：2008-07-03

申请号：PCT/US2007079406

申请日：2007-09-25

Applicant: INTELLIGENT ENERGY INC ,  DURAISWAMY KANDASWAMY ,  WOODS RICHARD ROOT

Inventor： DURAISWAMY KANDASWAMY ,  WOODS RICHARD ROOT

IPC: B01D61/36 ,  B01D61/00

CPC classification number: B01D61/362 ,  B01D61/58 ,  B01D2311/25 ,  B01D2311/263 ,  B01D2317/025 ,  B01D2317/08 ,  C10G31/11

Abstract: A system for producing an auxiliary fuel stream containing a low concentration of sulfur compounds from a primary fuel stream includes a first separation stage separating the fuel into first vapor permeate and first retentate streams, a first partial condenser connected to the first vapor permeate stream condensing the permeate stream into first liquid and vapor streams, and a second partial condenser condensing a portion of the first vapor stream into a second liquid stage. The permeate stream is preferably sent through a desulfupzation reactor The process includes isolating first vapor permeate and first retentate streams from a primary fuel stream using a first membrane separation stage, condensing a portion of the permeate stream in a condenser into liquid and vapor streams, and passin the vapor stream through a desulfurization reactor and then optionall through a sorbent bed removin sulfur compounds.

Abstract translation: 用于从初级燃料流产生含有低浓度硫化合物的辅助燃料流的系统包括将燃料分离成第一蒸气渗透物和第一滞留物流的第一分离阶段，连接到第一蒸气渗透物流的第一部分冷凝器， 渗透物流进入第一液体和蒸汽流，以及第二部分冷凝器，将第一蒸气流的一部分冷凝成第二液体级。 渗透物流优选通过脱硫反应器送入。该方法包括使用第一膜分离阶段将第一蒸气渗透物和第一滞留物流从初级燃料物流分离，将冷凝器中的部分渗透物流冷凝成液体和蒸汽流;以及 将蒸汽流通过脱硫反应器，然后通过吸附剂床除去硫化合物。

公开(公告)号：WO2008039762A2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-03

申请号：PCT/US2007/079406

申请日：2007-09-25

Applicant: INTELLIGENT ENERGY, INC. ,  DURAISWAMY, Kandaswamy ,  WOODS, Richard, Root

Inventor： DURAISWAMY, Kandaswamy ,  WOODS, Richard, Root

IPC: B01D53/22

CPC classification number: B01D61/362 ,  B01D61/58 ,  B01D2311/25 ,  B01D2311/263 ,  B01D2317/025 ,  B01D2317/08 ,  C10G31/11

Abstract: A system for producing an auxiliary fuel stream containing a low concentration of sulfur compounds from a primary fuel stream includes a first separation stage to separate a portion of a primary fuel stream into a first vapor permeate stream and a first retentate stream, a first separation stage partial condenser connected to the first vapor permeate stream condensing a portion of the first vapor permeate stream into a first liquid stage stream and a first vapor stage stream, and a second separation stage partial condenser condensing a portion of the first vapor stage stream into a second liquid stage. The first vapor permeate stream is preferable sent through a vapor phase reactive desulfurization catalyst reactor to condition any sulfur compounds present into species that can be easily separated from the fuel stream. The process includes isolating a first vapor permeate stream and a first retentate stream from a primary fuel stream by passing a portion of the primary fuel stream through a first membrane separation stage, condensing a portion of the first vapor permeate stream in a first separation stage partial condenser into a first liquid stage stream and a first vapor stage stream, and passing the first vapor stage stream through a desulfurization reactor. The stream may then be processed through a sorbent bed to effectively remove the sulfur compounds.

Abstract translation: 用于从初级燃料流产生含有低浓度硫化合物的辅助燃料流的系统包括：第一分离阶段，将初级燃料流的一部分分离成第一蒸气渗透物流和第一滞留物流;第一分离段 连接到第一蒸汽渗透物流的部分冷凝器将第一蒸汽渗透物流的一部分冷凝成第一液流流和第一蒸汽级流，以及将第一蒸汽级流的一部分冷凝成第二蒸汽级流的第二分级级部分冷凝器 液态 第一蒸气渗透物流优选通过气相反应性脱硫催化剂反应器送出，以使存在的物质中的任何硫化合物能够容易地与燃料流分离。 该方法包括通过使主要燃料流的一部分通过第一膜分离阶段从初级燃料流中分离第一蒸汽渗透物流和第一滞留物流，将第一蒸气渗透物流的一部分在第一分离段中部分 冷凝器进入第一液站流和第一蒸汽级流，并使第一蒸汽级流通过脱硫反应器。 然后可以通过吸附剂床处理料流以有效地除去硫化合物。

公开(公告)号：WO2007106138A2

公开(公告)日：2007-09-20

申请号：PCT/US2006/038021

申请日：2006-09-28

Applicant: INTELLIGENT ENERGY, INC. ,  PORTER, Brook, Forest ,  DURAISWAMY, Kandaswamy ,  WOODS, Richard, Root

Inventor： PORTER, Brook, Forest ,  DURAISWAMY, Kandaswamy ,  WOODS, Richard, Root

IPC: C01B3/26 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B01J19/00

CPC classification number: C01B3/0005 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  C01B3/384 ,  C01B3/50 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/043 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0822 ,  C01B2203/0827 ,  C01B2203/0888 ,  C01B2203/1294 ,  C01B2203/1604 ,  Y02E60/324 ,  Y02P20/128

Abstract: A hydrogen generation system is disclosed that has a vaporization section receiving and vaporizing fuel along with water and passing the vapor to a reformer catalyst section heated by a combustor section which generates reformate gas and is fueled by off-gas from a H2 purification unit along with a combustion air source. The off-gas outlet feeds the combustor section in the reformer assembly to heat the catalyst section and the vaporization section. An H2 storage unit connected to the H2 purification unit pure H2 outlet receives the pure H2. The storage unit has an outlet selectively connectable to the reformer assembly process inlet during startup without the need for a spark igniter. The startup process includes generating heat in the combustor section of the reformer assembly by passing H2 from the H2 storage unit through the vaporization section, the reformer catalyst section, the H2 purification unit and through the off-gas connection to the combustor section, then introducing water and fuel through the vaporization section and reformer catalyst section to generate reformate gas when the system is warmed, passing the reformate gas through the H2 purification unit to the off-gas connection to the combustor section, and establishing a back pressure on the reformer catalyst section and vaporizer section to decrease the hydrogen flow from the H2 storage unit until the system is fully sustainable without addition of H2 from the H2 storage unit.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种氢气发生系统，其具有蒸发部分，其与水一起接收和蒸发燃料，并将蒸气传递到由燃烧器部分加热的重整器催化剂部分，燃烧器部分产生重整气体，并由来自H 2净化单元的废气燃料连同，以及 燃烧空气源。 废气出口将重整器组件中的燃烧器部分供给到加热催化剂部分和蒸发部分。 连接到H2净化单元纯H2出口的H2储存单元接收纯H2。 存储单元具有在启动期间可选择性地连接到重整器组件过程入口的出口，而不需要火花点火器。 启动过程包括通过使来自H 2存储单元的H 2通过蒸发部分，重整器催化剂部分，H 2纯化单元和通过与燃烧器部分的废气连接而引入重整器组件的燃烧器部分中的热量，然后引入 通过蒸发部分和重整器催化剂部分的水和燃料，当系统被加热时产生重整气体，使重整气体通过H 2净化单元到与燃烧器部分的废气连接，并在重整器催化剂上建立背压 截面和蒸发器部分，以减少来自H 2存储单元的氢气流，直到系统完全可持续，而不需要从H 2存储单元中添加H 2。

公开(公告)号：WO2012135583A1

公开(公告)日：2012-10-04

申请号：PCT/US2012/031382

申请日：2012-03-30

Applicant: MONSANTO TECHNOLOGY LLC ,  MORGENSTERN, David, A. ,  SALL, Erik, D. ,  TAYLOR, James, W. ,  DURAISWAMY, Kandaswamy ,  CHELLAPPA, Anand S.

Inventor： MORGENSTERN, David, A. ,  SALL, Erik, D. ,  TAYLOR, James, W. ,  DURAISWAMY, Kandaswamy ,  CHELLAPPA, Anand S.

IPC: B01J8/06 ,  C01B3/38

CPC classification number: B01J19/2495 ,  B01J8/065 ,  B01J8/067 ,  B01J2208/00716 ,  B01J2208/0084 ,  B01J2208/025 ,  C01B3/326 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/06 ,  C01B2203/1058 ,  C01B2203/1076 ,  C01B2203/1229 ,  C01B2203/141 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: Disclosed are reformer designs for reforming an alcohol to a gaseous reformate mixture comprising hydrogen for combustion in an engine. Also disclosed is a catalyst assembly for reforming an alcohol to a gaseous reformate mixture comprising hydrogen for combustion in an engine. The catalyst assembly includes a thermally-conductive, porous catalyst substrate, and an unpassivated, copper-nickel powder catalyst loaded on the substrate for reforming alcohol to the gaseous reformate mixture comprising hydrogen.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于将醇重整成包含用于在发动机中燃烧的氢气的气态重整产物混合物的重整器设计。 还公开了一种用于将醇重整成包含用于在发动机中燃烧的氢气的气态重整产物混合物的催化剂组合物。 催化剂组件包括导热多孔催化剂基材和负载在基材上的未钝化的铜 - 镍粉末催化剂，用于将醇重整成包含氢气的气态重整产物混合物。

公开(公告)号：WO2011075490A2

公开(公告)日：2011-06-23

申请号：PCT/US2010060356

申请日：2010-12-14

Applicant: INTELLIGENT ENERGY INC ,  DURAISWAMY KANDASWAMY ,  CHELLAPPA ANAND

Inventor： DURAISWAMY KANDASWAMY ,  CHELLAPPA ANAND

CPC classification number: C01B3/384 ,  B01J8/065 ,  B01J8/067 ,  B01J12/007 ,  B01J2208/00513 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  B01J2208/00814 ,  B01J2208/025 ,  B01J2219/00038 ,  C01B3/56 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0425 ,  C01B2203/0445 ,  C01B2203/0475 ,  C01B2203/0485 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/1064 ,  C01B2203/1082 ,  C01B2203/1229 ,  C01B2203/1241

Abstract: A steam reformer may comprise fluid inlet and outlet connections and have a substantially cylindrical geometry divided into reforming segments and reforming compartments extending longitudinally within the reformer, each being in fluid communication. With the fluid inlets and outlets. Further, methods for generating hydrogen may comprise steam reformation and material adsorption in one operation followed by regeneration of adsorbers in another operation. Cathode off-gas from a fuel cell may be used to regenerate and sweep the adsorbers, and the operations may cycle among a plurality of adsorption enhanced reformers to provide a continuous flow of hydrogen.

Abstract translation: 蒸汽重整器可以包括流体入口和出口连接，并且具有基本上圆柱形的几何形状，分为重整段和在重整器内纵向延伸的重整隔室，每个都在流体连通中。 具有流体入口和出口。 此外，用于产生氢的方法可以包括在一次操作中的蒸汽重整和材料吸附，然后在另一操作中再生吸附器。 来自燃料电池的阴极废气可以用于再生和扫掠吸附器，并且操作可以在多个吸附增强重整器之间循环，以提供连续的氢气流。

公开(公告)号：WO2007089288A3

公开(公告)日：2009-04-23

申请号：PCT/US2006037177

申请日：2006-09-25

Applicant: INTELLIGENT ENERGY INC ,  DURAISWAMY KANDASWAMY ,  WOODS RICHARD ROOT

Inventor： DURAISWAMY KANDASWAMY ,  WOODS RICHARD ROOT

IPC: B01D53/22 ,  C07C7/144 ,  C10G25/00 ,  C10G31/00

CPC classification number: B01D61/362 ,  B01D2317/025 ,  C10G31/11 ,  H01M8/0675

Abstract: A system (600) for producing an auxiliary fuel stream (616) containing low concentration ofsulfur compounds from a primary fuel stream (610) includes a first separation stage (604) to separate a portion of a primary fuel stream (610) into a first vapor permeate stream (611) and a first retentate stream (617), a first separation stage partial condenser (603) connected to the first vapor permeate stream condensing a portion of the first vapor permeate stream into a first liquid stage stream (618) and a first vapor stage stream (612), and a second separation stage partial condenser condensing a portion of the first vapor stage stream into a second liquid stage. The first vapor permeate stream is preferably sent through a vapor phase reactive desulfurization catalyst reactor (607) to condition any sulfur compounds present into species that can be easily separated from the fuel'stream. The process includes isolating a first vapor permeate stream (611) and a first retentate stream (617) from a primary fuel stream by passing a portion (610) of the primary fuel stream through a first membrane separation stage (604), condensing a portion of the first vapor permeate stream in a first separation stage partial condenser (603) into a first liquid stage stream (618) and a first vapor stage stream (612), and passing the first vapor stage stream through a desulfurization reactor (607). The stream may then be processed through a sorbent bed (608) to effectively remove the sulfur compounds.

Abstract translation: 一种用于从主燃料流（610）产生含有低浓度硫化合物的辅助燃料流（616）的系统（600）包括：第一分离级（604），用于将主燃料流（610）的一部分分离成第一 蒸气渗透物流（611）和第一滞留物流（617），连接到第一蒸汽渗透物流的第一分离级部分冷凝器（603），将第一蒸气渗透物流的一部分冷凝成第一液体级流（618），和 第一蒸汽级流（612）和将第一蒸汽级流的一部分冷凝成第二液体级的第二分离级部分冷凝器。 第一蒸气渗透物流优选通过气相反应脱硫催化剂反应器（607）送出，以使存在的物质中的任何硫化合物能够容易地与燃料流分离。 该方法包括通过使主要燃料流的一部分（610）通过第一膜分离级（604）从初级燃料流中分离第一蒸气渗透物流（611）和第一滞留物流（617），将部分 在第一分离阶段部分冷凝器（603）中的第一蒸汽渗透物流转化成第一液体级流（618）和第一蒸气级料流（612），并使第一蒸汽级料流通过脱硫反应器（607）。 然后可以通过吸附剂床（608）处理料流以有效地除去硫化合物。