Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technology for forming self-assembled quantum dots having desirable optical characteristics. SOLUTION: The quantum dots are self-assembled InAs quantum dots 406 formed in InGaAs quantum wells 404 that are grown on a GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. A first AlGaAs or GaAs barrier layer 402 is grown. A first InGaAs well layer 404 is grown on the first barrier layer. A sufficient monolayer thickness of InAs is grown on the InGaAs, to form self-assembled islands. A second InGaAs well layer 404 is grown over the InAs islands to embed the quantum dots. A second AlGaAs or GaAs barrier layer 402 is then grown to complete the quantum well. Optical gain characteristics of the quantum well layers are influenced by the compositional uniformity of surrounding layers, the dot size distribution, the dot density, and the number of layers of the dots that can be placed in an active region without exceeding a critical thickness for forming dislocation. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improved quantum dot structure for opto-electronics application. SOLUTION: A semiconductor active region for providing optical gain includes quantum wells 280, 285 that are disposed between two barrier layers 290, 295 and have substantial, planar well layers having well thickness; and a plurality of quantum dots 205 buried in the quantum wells, wherein each of the quantum dots has a thickness smaller than the well thickness, and has a ratio of length to width being at least approximately 3 in a plane parallel to the planar well layer. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel cell showing excellent power generation performance, the fuel cell using as a fuel a compound containing at least hydrogen and nitrogen, and an anion exchange membrane as an electrolyte layer.SOLUTION: A fuel cell 1 comprises: an electrolyte layer 4 composed of an anion exchange membrane; and a fuel-side electrode 2 and an oxygen-side electrode 3, facing each other across the electrolyte layer. The fuel-side electrode contains nickel, zinc, and rare-earth element as a metal catalyst, the percentage of a nickel content being equal to or more than 20 mol%, a zinc content being 10 to 60 mol%, and a rare-earth element content being equal to or less than 50 mol% with respect to the total number of moles of the nickel, zinc, and rare-earth element. A compound, containing at least hydrogen and nitrogen, such as hydrazine is used as a fuel.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and apparatus for defining a single structure (11) on a semiconductor wafer by spatial frequency components. SOLUTION: Some of the spatial frequency components (12-16) are derived by optical lithography and some by interferometric lithography technology. Interferometric lithography images the high frequency components while optical lithography images the low frequency components. Optics collects many spatial frequencies and the interferometry shifts the spatial frequencies to high spatial frequencies. Thus, because a mask does not need to provide high spatial frequencies, the masks are configured to create only low frequency components. Thereby fabrication of simpler masks having larger structures is allowed. These methods and apparatus facilitate writing of more complex repetitive as well as non-repetitive patterns in a single exposure with a resolution which is higher than that currently available using known optical lithography alone. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide methods and apparatus for defining a single structure (11) on a semiconductor wafer by spatial frequency components. SOLUTION: Some of the spatial frequency components (12-16) are derived by optical lithography and some by interferometric lithography techniques. Interferometric lithography images the high frequency components while optical lithography images the low frequency components. Optics collects many spatial frequencies and the interferometry shifts the spatial frequencies to high spatial frequencies. Thus, since the mask does not need to provide high spatial frequencies, the masks are configured to create only low frequency components, thereby allowing fabrication of simpler masks having larger structures. These methods and apparatus facilitate writing more complex repetitive as well as non-repetitive patterns in a single exposure with a resolution which is higher than that currently available using known optical lithography alone. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a material having composite particles. SOLUTION: There is provided the material having the composite particles including: an outside shell portion containing an element such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur; and an inside core portion made of a lithium alloy material such as tin, silicon, aluminum and/or germanium. When the outside shell portion is made of carbon, the outside shell portion of the composite particles has a mean thickness of less than 20 nm and the composite particles have a mean outside diameter of less than 100 nm. In some examples, the inside core portion is made of tin, tin binary alloy, tin ternary alloy or tin quarternary alloy. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an oxygen reduction catalyst capable of activating the reductive reaction of oxygen and reducing cost, and also to provide a fuel cell with an oxygen side electrode containing the oxygen reduction catalyst.SOLUTION: A burned substance is prepared by burning the transition metal complexes in which a ligand containing equal numbers of oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms is coordinated to the transition metal in the oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The oxygen reduction catalyst contained in the oxygen side electrode 3 of the fuel cell can activate the reductive reaction of oxygen by involving the above burned substance in the catalyst, and the cost of the catalyst, consequently that of the fuel cell is reduced.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a material having composite particles including an outside shell portion and a core portion. SOLUTION: There is provided the material including the composite particles in which the core portion is made of a lithium alloy material and the outside shell portion has an inner volume larger than that of the core portion of the lithium alloy material. In some examples, the mean outside diameter of the outside shell portion is less than 500 nm, and the core portion occupies 5-99% of the inner volume. In addition, the outside shell portion may have the mean wall thickness of less than 100 nm. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a process to make core-shell structured nanoparticles where a particle size distribution is narrow, and also a production speed is high. SOLUTION: Disclosed is a process for making a composite material that contains core-shell structured nanoparticles. The process includes: providing a precursor that contains a core material and a shell material, and suspending the precursor in an aerosol gas to produce an aerosol; passing the aerosol through the hot zone of plasma; vaporizing at least part of the core material and at least part of the shell material in the aerosol; removing the core material and the shell material that have been vaporized from the hot zone of the plasma; and condensing the core material and the shell material that have been vaporized into core-shell structured nanoparticles containing a core composed of one kind of atom. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To actualize an optical gain spectrum continued over a wavelength range larger than 75 nanometers depending on a semiconductor optical waveguide and a threshold driving current. SOLUTION: This quantum dot laser includes at least one quantum dot layer consisting of a quantum dot group optically coupled to the optical waveguide with at least two nonuniformly expanding optical transition energy sequences, and at least one quantum well for actualizing the carrier confinement of a current injected into the quantum dot layer. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT