Abstract:
Subestación eléctrica de media tensión que comprende tres gabinetes de embarque formados de canal "C" perforado conformado por un cubo estructural, con paredes compuestas por paneles de lámina, de donde las paredes laterales podrán estar provistas de ductos de transferencia además de un copete, los cuales albergan de forma independiente las secciones de acometida en media tensión, transformación, y baja tensión respectivamente; acoplados mecánicamente y eléctricamente en el siguiente orden: a) del modulo que alberga la acometida hacia el modulo que alberga un transformador por medio de barras y conectores flexibles a barras de cobre respectivamente. b) del modulo que alberga un transformador a el modulo que alberga el equipo de baja tensión por medio de barras de cobre a barras de cobre respectivamente.
Abstract:
An intelligent electronic device (IED) integrating a power metering unit (PMU) and a merging unit that combines signals from both analog transformers and digital transformers into a set of merged digital samples. Analog current/voltage signals from analog CTs/PTs are received at the IED's analog inputs and converted to digitized samples. Digital current/voltage samples from digital CTs/PTs are received via point-to-point connections at digital inputs of the IED. A tagging unit applies metadata tags to the digitized and digital samples. The metadata tags include the transformer providing the input signal, sampling rate, primary and/or secondary timestamps, scaling values, calibration values, and/or the location of the IED in the electrical system. The PMU performs metering and/or power quality calculations on the samples, and the calculation results are formatted and transmitted via a master-slave protocol to a requesting master. A grouping unit groups the merged samples into default or custom groupings, which are formatted and transmitted over a network via a publish-subscribe mechanism.
Abstract:
An apparatus for varying the timing of a SMPS, including a microcontroller configured to output a first PWM signal. A converter is coupled to the microcontroller and is configured to receive the first PWM signal and output an analog signal to a SMPS timing capacitor coupled to a SMPS. The analog signal varies the discharge time of the timing capacitor to vary a switching frequency of the SMPS.
Abstract:
A high ampacity busbar includes a pair of oppositely facing bowl-shaped conductors, each of whose cross sections resembles half of a hexagon or an open isosceles trapezoid, separated by an air gap in both horizontal and vertical configurations. The air gap increases cooling efficiency by natural convection by exposing more surface area of the conductors directly to the air flow within the electrical distribution equipment cabinet. As a result, the overall temperature of the bus system is reduced. The shaped conductors have smoother transitions presented to the electrical current between the bends of the conductors. These smooth transitions improve current distribution throughout the conductor, reducing skin effects. As a result of improved thermal dissipation and reduced skin effects, the amount of copper needed to maintain the same ampacity is significantly reduced. Magnetic shields can be placed between adjacent busbars, reducing proximity effects.
Abstract:
Methods of automatically configuring a power monitoring system based upon the locations of the monitoring devices in a hierarchy representing the spatial interrelationships of the monitoring devices. The power monitoring system includes a host computer communicatively coupled to a plurality of monitoring devices arranged in a hierarchy in an electrical system. Software on the host computer may execute any or all of an alarm aggregation algorithm for aggregating multiple alarms based on device location; a feature distribution algorithm for enabling/disabling selected device features; an evaluation algorithm for evaluating device applications; a device check algorithm for detecting flawed data; a custom configuration algorithm for customized configuration of thresholds on device-by-device basis; a host computer configuration algorithm for configuring the host computer; a redundancy algorithm for verifying an electrical event; an alarm configuration algorithm for configuring device thresholds; and a configuration error checking algorithm for detecting nomenclature issues.
Abstract:
An automatic method of which days/hours represent good candidates for reducing demand to achieve potential savings and the amount of demand reduction that can be achieved with a tolerable level of disruption to status quo operations. Demand interval data including utility usage rate (UUR) values is received from one or more utility monitoring devices, and are sorted in descending order. A percent difference is calculated for each UUR value relative to the previous one, and a cumulative percent difference accumulates the percent differences from the preceding rows. The average cumulative percent difference is divided by the total number of UUR values in the measured period to produce a ratio. The standard deviation of time is determined, and from those demand data associated with ratios greater than a ratio threshold and standard deviations less than a standard deviation threshold the demand reduction amount and the number of control hours are determined.
Abstract:
A system for mounting and retaining an electronic device in an opening in a door or panel comprises a power monitoring device for monitoring characteristics of the power transmitted through one or more power lines. An apparatus is coupled to the power monitoring device and is adapted to secure the power monitoring device within the panel opening by engaging at least one surface of the panel. The power monitoring device may include a meter base and a display module. The combined meter base/display module assembly or remote-mounted display module may be mounted and retained in the door or panel opening.