Abstract:
A modular multi-level converter (10) for converting a DC voltage into an AC voltage comprises a first row (14) and a second row (18) of converter cells (16, 20), each converter cell (16, 20) comprising a cell capacitor (C cell , C cell' ) and semiconductor switches (34, 36, 34', 36') adapted for connecting the cell capacitor to an output of the converter cell (16, 20) and for bypassing the cell capacitor. The first row (14) of converter cells (16) interconnects a positive DC link connection point (22a) and a negative DC link connection point (22c), wherein the first row (14) of converter cells (16) comprises an upper pair and a lower pair of series-connected strings (24a, 24b, 24c, 24d) of series-connected converter cells (16), wherein the upper pair of strings (24a, 24b) connects the positive DC link connection point (22a) with a neutral DC link connection point (22b) and provides an upper intermediate connection point (26a) between the strings (24a, 24b) and the lower pair of strings (24c, 24d) connects the negative DC link connection point (22c) with the neutral DC link connection point (22b) and provides a lower intermediate connection point (26b) between the strings (24c, 24d). The second row (18) of converter cells (20) comprises a pair of strings (28a, 28b) of series-connected converter cells (20) interconnecting the upper intermediate connection point (26a) and the lower intermediate connection point (26b) and provides an AC connection point between the strings (28a, 28b). The converter cells (16) of the first row (14) have a first cell capacity (Ccell') and the converter cells (20) of the second row (18) have a second cell capacity (Ccell) higher than the first cell capacity (Ccell'). The converter cells (16) of the first row (14) have a capacitor switch (36'), which interconnects the cell capacitor (Ccell') with the outputs (38) and which has a lower current rating than a main switch (34') of the converter cells (16) of the first row (14) connected in parallel to the cell capacitor (Ccell'). The converter cells (20) of the second row (18) have a capacitor switch (36) and the current rating of the capacitor switch (36') of a converter cell (16) of the first row (14) is smaller than a current rating of the capacitor switch (36) of a converter cell (20) of the second row (18).
Abstract:
A vehicular power system (1) comprises a battery unit (2), a high-capacity unit (3), and first and second connectors (4) for supplying a first output voltage and a second, different output voltage, wherein each connector is arranged to receive one or more parallel daughter boards (7). A daughter board comprises circuitry forming a DC-to-DC converter across the battery unit when the daughter board is received in the connector. The DC-to-DC converter is configured to supply the respective output voltage.
Abstract:
The present disclosure relates generally to medium voltage alternating current (MV AC) distribution networks. Isolating a fault in a feeder line of an MV AC distribution network may cause a healthy portion of a feeder line to be disconnected from all power sources. Network control systems may be able to reconnect the healthy portion to another feeder line using controllable switches such as tie switching devices coupled to the end of each feeder line. Existing MV AC distribution networks suffer from a number of shortcomings and disadvantages. There remain unmet needs including increasing reconfigurability following feeder line fault response, preventing subsequent overloads after network reconfigurations, and reducing network downtime for healthy feeder line portions. For instance, conventional distribution networks do not receive power from multiple connected feeder lines after a fault response, risking an overload in a single newly connected feeder line and reducing power transfer ability. In view of these and other shortcomings in the art, there is a significant need for the unique apparatuses, methods, systems and techniques disclosed herein.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for operating an electric-arc furnace, EAF. The method comprises converting, in a power electronic converter, a grid frequency to an operating frequency for an EAF, controlling, in the power electronic converter, the converted operating frequency between 100Hz and 1 kHz,and operating one of more electrical arc(s) of the EAF with the controlled converted operating frequency. Corresponding power electronic converter, EAF system and power transformer are also presented.
Abstract:
A vehicular power system (1) comprises a battery branch including a battery unit (2) arranged in series with a diode (5), and a high-capacity unit (3) having a maximum voltage that exceeds a nominal voltage of the battery unit. The battery branch and high-capacity unit are arranged in parallel, to feed a load side (4) of the vehicular power system. The battery branch further comprises a switching arrangement (6) configured to disconnect the battery unit in response to excessive load-side current. The switching arrangement may allow the high-capacity unit to inject current into the load side at a voltage less than the nominal voltage of the battery unit and/or may allow the high-capacity unit to absorb regenerated current from the load side at a voltage which is greater than the nominal voltage of the battery unit.
Abstract:
One embodiment is a system comprising a medium voltage direct current (MVDC) link electrically coupling a first AC-DC converter and a second AC -DC converter. The first AC -DC converter is electrically coupled with a first alternating current (AC) feeder. The second AC-DC converter electrically coupled with a second AC feeder. A battery charger electrically coupled with the MVDC link via a converterless connection. A first electronic controller is operatively coupled with the first AC-DC converter. A second electronic controller is operatively coupled with the second AC-DC converter. During operation of the battery charger to charge a battery the first electronic controller is configured to control power flow between the first AC feeder and the second AC feeder and the second electronic controller is configured to control the voltage of the MVDC link.
Abstract:
Unique systems, methods, techniques and apparatuses of a distribution system are disclosed. One exemplary embodiment is an alternating current (AC) distribution system including a first substation including a first transformer and a protective device; a first distribution network portion coupled to the first transformer; a second substation; a second distribution network portion; a DC interconnection system coupled between the first distribution network portion and the second distribution network portion; and a control system. The control system is structured to detect a fault in the first transformer or the transmission network, isolate the first distribution network from the fault, determine a set point of the DC interconnection system, and operate the DC interconnection system using the set point so as to transfer a portion of the MV AC from the second distribution network portion to the first distribution network portion.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a switching device (24) for a high voltage power system and an arrangement comprising such a switching device. The switching device comprises a first semiconductor switching element (26) capable of being turned off and having a first gate (G1) and a first and a second current conduction terminal (CCT1, CCT2) and a second switching element (26) capable of being turned on and comprising an electron tube with a second gate (G2) and a first and second electrode (E1, E2). The switching elements (26, 28) are series-connected with the first electrode (E1) connected to the second current conduction terminal (CCT2) with the first current conduction terminal (CCT1) and the second electrode (E2) providing connections to the power system and the switching elements being jointly operable for breaking or making a current path between the second electrode (E2) and the first current conduction terminal (CCT1).
Abstract:
An onboard powertrain for an automated guided vehicle, AGV, is presented herein. The onboard powertrain comprises a split-source inverter, SSI, having at least one middle point pole, a positive DC-link pole, and a negative DC-link pole, a battery (21) and an inductor (22) connected in series between the positive or negative DC-link pole and the middle point pole, and a supercapacitor (20) connected between the positive and negative DC-link poles.
Abstract:
A method for restoration of a fault isolation in a medium voltage, MV, network having a plurality of feeders and a plurality of normally open, NO, switches (NO1, NO2, NO3, NO4)possibly in parallel with MV direct current, DC, links (MVDC1, MVDC2, MVDC3, MVDC4)is presented. The method is performed in a control device (1) of the MV network. The method comprises closing (S120) at least two NO switches in parallel with MVDC links of the plurality of NO switches, being connected to a fault isolated feeder of the plurality of feeders of the MV network, and opening (S150) the closed at least two NO switches in parallel with MVDC links except one.A control device, a computer program and a computer program product for restoration of a fault isolation in a MV network are also presented.