公开(公告)号：WO2017013125A1

公开(公告)日：2017-01-26

申请号：PCT/EP2016/067200

申请日：2016-07-19

Applicant: ABB SCHWEIZ AG

Inventor： SPUDIC, Vedrana ,  ROHR, Eduardo ,  GEYER, Tobias ,  AL-HOKAYEM, Peter

IPC: H02M1/12 ,  H02M7/539 ,  H02M7/483

CPC classification number: H02M1/12 ,  H02M7/1552 ,  H02M7/487 ,  H02M7/539 ,  H02M2007/4835

Abstract: A method for controlling a three-phase electrical converter (12) comprises: selecting a three-phase optimized pulse pattern (20) from a table (22) of precomputed optimized pulse patterns based on a reference flux (ψ αβ,ref ); determining a two-component optimal flux {ψ* αβ ) from the optimized pulse pattern (20) and determine a one-component optimal third variable (ζ*); determining a two-component flux error from a difference of the optimal flux ( ψ* αβ ) and an estimated flux (ψ αβ ) estimated based on measurements in the electrical converter; determining a one-component third variable error from a difference of the optimal third variable (ζ*) and an estimated third variable (ζ); modifying the optimized pulse pattern (20) by time-shifting switching instants (28) of the optimized pulse pattern (20) such that a cost function depending on the time-shifts is minimized, wherein the cost function comprises a flux error term and a third variable error term, wherein the flux error term is based on a difference of the flux error and a flux correction function providing a flux correction based on the time-shifts and the third variable error term is based on a difference of the third variable error and a third variable correction function providing a third variable correction based on the time-shifts; and applying the modified optimized pulse pattern (26) to the electrical converter (12).

Abstract translation: 一种用于控制三相电转换器（12）的方法包括：基于参考通量（ψαβ，ref）从预先计算的优化脉冲模式的表（22）中选择三相优化脉冲模式（20）; 从优化的脉冲模式（20）确定双分量最优通量{ψ*αβ），并确定单分量最优第三变量（ζ*）; 根据最佳通量（ψ*αβ）的差和基于电转换器中的测量估计的估计通量（ψαβ）确定双分量磁通误差; 根据最佳第三变量（ζ*）和估计的第三变量（ζ）的差确定单分量第三变量误差; 通过对优化的脉冲模式（20）的切换时刻（28）进行时移，从而使得根据时移的成本函数最小化来修改优化的脉冲模式（20），其中成本函数包括通量误差项和 第三可变误差项，其中所述通量误差项基于所述通量误差的差和基于所述时移提供磁通校正的磁通校正函数，并且所述第三可变误差项基于所述第三可变误差的差 以及第三可变校正函数，其基于时移提供第三​​可变校正; 以及将修改的优化脉冲模式（26）应用于电转换器（12）。

公开(公告)号：WO2016202623A1

公开(公告)日：2016-12-22

申请号：PCT/EP2016/062807

申请日：2016-06-06

Applicant: ABB SCHWEIZ AG

Inventor： GEYER, Tobias ,  ROHR, Eduardo ,  VALLONE, Joel

IPC: G05B13/04 ,  H02M7/483 ,  H02M7/487

CPC classification number: H02M7/487 ,  G05B13/048 ,  G05B2219/42058 ,  H02M7/483

Abstract: An FPGA (22) for controlling an electrical converter (12) comprises an enumeration block (32) adapted for generating possible next switch positions ( s new (k) ) for semiconductor switches of the electrical converter (12) based on an actual applied switch position ( s(k-1) ); a plurality of explorer blocks (28), each explorer block (28) adapted for calculating a cost value ( J ) for a possible next switch position of the semiconductor switches by: receiving a possible next switch position ( s new (k) ); calculating system variables at future time instants from system variables at a current time instant of the electrical converter (12) and the load (24) based on the possible next switch position, wherein the system variables at future time instants are calculated from the system variables at the current time instant with differential equations modelling the electrical converter (12) and the load (24); determining a cost value ( J ) from the system variables at future time instants by evaluating a cost function with the system variables at future time instants; an arbiter block (34) for selecting the next switch position ( s(k) ) to be applied to the electrical converter (12) from the possible next switch positions by: receiving possible next switch positions ( s new (k) ) from the enumeration block (32); selecting a non-operating explorer block (28) and sending a received possible next switch position to the non-operating explorer block; receiving a cost value ( J ) for the respective possible next switch position from a finished explorer block; when all possible next switch positions received from the enumeration block (32) have been processed, selecting the next switch position ( s(k) ) as the possible next switch position ( s new (k) ) with the lowest cost value ( J ). Each explorer block (28) is further adapted for determining a prediction horizon (N) for the possible next switch position (snew(k)) at which at least one of the calculated system variables at future time instants has a deviation from a reference for the system variable, which is bigger than a predefined deviation for the system variable. A prediction horizon (N) for a system variable at future time instants is determined via a linear extrapolation, in which the system variable at the future time instants is calculated from the system variable at the current time instant, and the prediction horizon (N) is determined based on an intersection point of the linearly extrapolated system variable between the current time instant and the future time instant with a maximal possible deviation from a reference of the system variable. Moreover, the intersection point is determined iteratively by a binary search.

Abstract translation: 用于控制电转换器（12）的FPGA（22）包括适于基于实际应用的开关产生用于电转换器（12）的半导体开关的可能的下一个开关位置（新的（k））的计数块（32） 位置（s（k-1））; 多个勘探块（28），每个勘探块（28）适于通过以下步骤计算半导体开关的可能的下一个切换位置的成本值（J）：接收可能的下一个切换位置（新的（k））; 基于可能的下一个切换位置，在电转换器（12）和负载（24）的当前时刻的系统变量的未来时刻计算系统变量，其中在将来时刻的系统变量根据系统变量 在当前时刻利用微分方程模拟电转换器（12）和负载（24）; 通过在未来时刻用系统变量评估成本函数，确定未来时刻的系统变量的成本值（J）; 一个仲裁块（34），用于通过以下步骤：从可能的下一个切换位置中选择要施加到电转换器（12）的下一个切换位置（s（k））：从 枚举块（32）; 选择不操作的浏览器块（28）并将接收到的可能的下一个切换位置发送到非操作的浏览器块; 从完成的浏览器块接收针对各个可能的下一个切换位置的成本值（J）; 当已经处理从枚举块（32）接收到的所有可能的下一个开关位置时，选择下一个切换位置（s（k））作为具有最低成本值（J）的可能的下一个切换位置（新的（k））， 。 每个浏览器块（28）还适用于确定可能的下一个切换位置（snew（k））的预测水平线（N），在该切换位置处，未来时刻的所计算的系统变量中的至少一个与参考的偏差偏离 系统变量大于系统变量的预定偏差。 通过线性外推法确定未来时刻的系统变量的预测水平线（N），其中在当前时刻从系统变量计算未来时刻的系统变量，并且预测水平线（N） 基于当前时刻和未来时刻之间的线性外推系统变量的交点确定，并且与系统变量的参考具有最大可能偏差。 此外，通过二进制搜索迭代地确定交点。

公开(公告)号：WO2021069259A1

公开(公告)日：2021-04-15

申请号：PCT/EP2020/077246

申请日：2020-09-29

Applicant: ABB SCHWEIZ AG

Inventor： DORFLING, Martinus David ,  DU TOIT MOUTON, Hendrik ,  GEYER, Tobias

IPC: H02M7/48 ,  H02M7/5387 ,  H02M1/12 ,  G05B13/04 ,  H02P23/00 ,  H02M1/00 ,  H02P21/00 ,  H02P27/12 ,  H02P27/14

Abstract: A method for controlling an electrical converter system (10) comprises: determining a nominal pulse pattern (t*p,i, Δu*p,i) and a reference trajectory (x*) of at least one electrical quantity of the electrical converter system (10) over a horizon of future sampling instants, wherein the nominal pulse pattern (t*p,i, Δu*p,i) and the reference trajectory (x*) are determined from a table of optimized pulse patterns, the nominal pulse pattern (t*p,i, Δu*p,i) comprises switching transitions (Δu*p,i)between output voltages of an electrical converter (12) of the electrical converter system (10) and the reference trajectory (x*) indicates a desired future development of an electrical quantity of the converter system (10); determining a small-signal pulse pattern (ũabc(t, λρ,i)) by minimizing a cost function, which cost function includes a small-signal error, which is based on a difference of a reference trajectory (x*) and a predicted trajectory (x), wherein the impulse strengths (λρ,i) of the small-signal pulse pattern (ũabc(t, λρ,i)) encode a voltage-time value at each switching transition of the nominal pulse pattern (t*p,i, Δu*p,i), and wherein the predicted trajectory (x) is determined over the horizon from measurements (i, vc, ig) in the converter system (10) and from a model of the converter system (10), into which a sum of the nominal pulse pattern (t*p,i, Δu*p,i) and small-signal pulse pattern (ũabc(t, λρ,i)) are input; determining a modified pulse pattern (t opt,p,i, Δup,i) by moving the switching transitions of the nominal pulse pattern (t*p,i, Δu*p,i), wherein a switching transition is moved by a time interval, such that the time interval times a direction of the switching transition equals the voltage-time value that the impulse strength (λ p,i) encodes at the nominal switching transition; and applying at least the next switching transition of the modified pulse pattern (t opt,p,i, Δup,i) to the electrical converter system (10).

公开(公告)号：WO2020182548A1

公开(公告)日：2020-09-17

申请号：PCT/EP2020/055583

申请日：2020-03-03

Applicant: ABB SCHWEIZ AG

Inventor： SCHWEIZER, Mario ,  GEYER, Tobias ,  TSOUMAS, Ioannis

IPC: H02M7/483 ,  H02M7/49 ,  H02M1/00

Abstract: An electrical converter (10) comprises a main converter (12) for generating a first output voltage (u 1 ab c ) and a converter cell (14a) for converting the first output voltage (u 1 abc ) into a second output voltage (u 2abc ). A method for operating an electrical converter (10) comprises: receiving a reference voltage (v* abc ) for the electrical converter (10); pulse width modulating the reference voltage (v* abc ) with a first modulation frequency for generating a first switching signal (s 1abc ) for the main converter (12); switching the main converter (12) with the first switching signal (s 1abc ) to generate the first output voltage (u 1 abc ); estimating the first output voltage (v 1 abc ) from the first switching signal (s 1abc ); determining a voltage error (v* 2abc ) by subtracting the estimated first output voltage (v 1 abc ) from the reference voltage (v* abc ); pulse width modulating the voltage error (v* 2abc ) with a second modulation frequency, which is higher than the first modulation frequency, for generating a further switching signal (s 2abc , s 3abc ) for the converter cell (14a); and switching the converter cell (14a) with the further switching signal (s 2abc , s 3abc ) to generate the second output voltage (u 2abc ).

公开(公告)号：WO2018072837A1

公开(公告)日：2018-04-26

申请号：PCT/EP2016/075342

申请日：2016-10-21

Applicant: ABB SCHWEIZ AG

Inventor： VASILADIOTIS, Michail ,  CHRISTE, Alexandre ,  GEYER, Tobias

IPC: H02M7/483 ,  H02M1/12 ,  H02J3/18

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of controlling a DC-to-AC Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) (1) having a three-phase AC side connected to a three-phase AC network L and having a DC side connected to a DC network R. The MMC has a double-star topology with a plurality of phase-legs (11). Each phase-leg has a first branch (12a) and a second branch (12b). Each of the first and second branches comprises a plurality of series connected converter cells (13). The method comprises obtaining an Optimized Pulse Pattern (OPP) for the MMC. The method also comprises adapting the OPP to the MMC by means of closed-loop pulse pattern control. The method also comprises, based on the adapted OPP, sending firing signals to the plurality of cells of each branch.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种控制DC-AC模块化多电平转换器（MMC）（1）的方法，所述DC-AC模块化多电平转换器（MMC）具有连接到三相AC网络L的三相AC侧并且具有 连接到DC网络R的DC侧.MIC具有带有多个相脚（11）的双星形拓扑结构。 每个相脚具有第一分支（12a）和第二分支（12b）。 第一和第二分支中的每一个包括多个串联连接的转换器单元（13）。 该方法包括获得MMC的优化脉冲模式（OPP）。 该方法还包括通过闭环脉冲模式控制将OPP适配到MMC。 该方法还包括基于适配的OPP向每个分支的多个单元发送触发信号。

公开(公告)号：WO2018033214A1

公开(公告)日：2018-02-22

申请号：PCT/EP2016/069657

申请日：2016-08-18

Applicant: ABB SCHWEIZ AG

Inventor： VASILADIOTIS, Michail ,  GEYER, Tobias ,  CHRISTE, Alexandre

IPC: H02M5/293 ,  H02M1/00 ,  H02M7/483

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of decoupled modulation of a direct AC/AC MMC 1 between a first AC network L having a first waveform and a second AC network R having a second waveform, the MMC having a double-star topology with a plurality of phase legs 11, each phase leg having a first branch 12a and a second branch 12b, each of the first and second branches comprising a plurality of series connected bipolar cells 13. The method comprises performing a first modulation based on a reference signal of the first AC network, independently of a reference signal of the second AC network, to generate, for each phase leg, a first integer command signal corresponding to a first combination of cell states in the first and second branches of the phase leg needed for generating the first waveform. The method also comprises performing a second modulation based on the reference signal of the second AC network, independently of the reference signal of the first AC network to generate,for each phase leg, a second integer command signal corresponding to a second combination of cell states in the first and second branches of the phase leg needed for generating the second waveform. The method also comprises, based on the first and second integer command signals, mapping to each branch a number of cell states to be used for concurrently generating both the first and second waveforms, generating branch-level command signals to a capacitor voltage balancing algorithm. The method also comprises, based on the mapping and the balancing algorithm, sending firing signals to the plurality of cells of each branch.

Abstract translation: 本公开涉及一种在具有第一波形的第一AC网络L和具有第二波形的第二AC网络R之间的直接AC / AC MMC 1的解耦调制的方法，所述MMC具有 具有多个相脚11的双星形拓扑结构，每个相脚具有第一分支12a和第二分支12b，第一和第二分支中的每一个包括多个串联连接的双极单元13.该方法包括执行第一 基于所述第一AC网络的参考信号而独立于所述第二AC网络的参考信号进行调制以针对每个相腿生成与所述第一和第二分支中的第一组合单元状态相对应的第一整数命令信号 用于产生第一波形所需的相位支路。 该方法还包括：独立于第一AC网络的参考信号，基于第二AC网络的参考信号执行第二调制，以针对每个相腿生成对应于第二组合的单元状态的第二整数命令信号 在产生第二波形所需的相位支路的第一和第二分支中。 该方法还包括基于第一和第二整数命令信号将映射到每个分支的多个单元状态映射到用于同时产生第一和第二波形，产生支路电平命令信号给电容器电压平衡算法。 该方法还包括基于映射和平衡算法向每个分支的多个单元发送触发信号。

公开(公告)号：WO2021069261A1

公开(公告)日：2021-04-15

申请号：PCT/EP2020/077254

申请日：2020-09-29

Applicant: ABB SCHWEIZ AG

Inventor： GEYER, Tobias ,  BIRTH, Annika

IPC: H02M7/48 ,  H02M1/12 ,  H02M7/5387 ,  H02M1/00

Abstract: A method for controlling an electrical converter system (10) comprises: determining a switching signal (u*abc) and a reference trajectory (Υ*αβ) of at least one electrical quantity of the electrical converter system (10) over a horizon of future sampling instants, wherein the switching signal (u*abc) and the reference trajectory (Υ*αβ) are determined from a table of optimized pulse patterns (A*, U*), the switching signal (u*abc comprises switching transitions between output levels of an electrical converter of the electrical converter system (10) and the reference trajectory (Υ*αβ) indicates a desired future trajectory of the at least one electrical quantity of the converter system (10); generating a sequence of averaged switch positions (V*abc) from the switching signal (u*abc) over the horizon, wherein the switching signal (ua* bc) is divided into sampling intervals, the sequence of averaged switch positions ( V*abc ) comprises an averaged switch position (V* abc) per sampling interval, and the averaged switch position is determined by averaging the switching signal (u*abc) defined by the switching instants and output levels in the sampling interval; determining a sequence of optimized averaged switch positions (Vabc) with optimized averaged switch positions (V* abc) by optimizing a cost function (J) based on the sequence of averaged switch positions (V*abc), which cost function (J) comprises an error term with a difference of the reference trajectory (Υ*αβ) and a predicted trajectory, wherein the predicted trajectory is determined over the horizon from a model of the converter system, into which a sequence of modified averaged switch positions and measurements of the converter system are input; determining an optimized switching signal (uabc) for the current sampling interval by moving switching transitions in the switching signal (u*abc), such that in the current sampling interval the average of the switching signal (uabc) with the modified switching transitions equals the optimized averaged switch position (vabc); and applying at least the next switching transition of the optimized switching signal (uabc) for the current sampling interval to the electrical converter system (10).

公开(公告)号：WO2018029303A1

公开(公告)日：2018-02-15

申请号：PCT/EP2017/070341

申请日：2017-08-10

Applicant: ABB SCHWEIZ AG

Inventor： VAN-DER-MAERWEN, Wim ,  GEYER, Tobias ,  SCHWEIZER, Mario ,  TSOUMAS, Ioannis

IPC: H02M7/49

Abstract: A method for controlling a converter system (10) comprises: determining, with a first controller stage (44), an output voltage reference (60) for the converter system (10); generating, with the first controller stage (44), switching commands (62) for a main converter (12) based on the output voltage reference (60), such that the main converter (12) converts an input voltage (48) into an intermediate voltage (50) provided at an output (24) of the main converter (12) and following the output voltage reference (60); and generating, with a second controller stage (46), switching commands (66) for a floating converter cell (30) connected to the output (24) of the main converter (12), such that the floating converter cell (30) converts the intermediate voltage (50) into an output voltage (54) provided at an output (40, 34) of the floating converter cell (30), wherein the floating converter cell (30) comprises a cell capacitor (38) and a semiconductor switch arrangement (36) for connecting and disconnecting the cell capacitor (38) between the output (24) of the main converter (12) and the output (40, 34) of the floating converter cell (30).

Abstract translation: 一种用于控制转换器系统（10）的方法，包括：利用第一控制器级（44）确定所述转换器系统（10）的输出电压参考（60）; 利用第一控制器级（44）基于输出电压参考（60）产生用于主转换器（12）的开关命令（62），使得主转换器（12）将输入电压（48）转换成 提供在主转换器（12）的输出端（24）并且跟随输出电压基准（60）的中间电压（50）; 以及利用第二控制器级（46）产生用于连接到主转换器（12）的输出（24）的浮动转换器单元（30）的开关命令（66），使得浮动转换器单元（30）转换 （30）的输出（40,34）处提供的中间电压（50）转换成输出电压（54），其中浮动转换器单元（30）包括单元电容器（38）和半导体开关 用于在主转换器（12）的输出（24）和浮动转换器单元（30）的输出（40,34）之间连接和断开单元电容器（38）的布置（36）。

公开(公告)号：WO2017042388A1

公开(公告)日：2017-03-16

申请号：PCT/EP2016/071459

申请日：2016-09-12

Applicant: ABB SCHWEIZ AG

Inventor： SPUDIC, Vedrana ,  GEYER, Tobias ,  OIKONOMOU, Nikolaos

IPC: H02M1/12 ,  H02J3/18 ,  H02M7/49 ,  H02M1/00 ,  H02M7/483

CPC classification number: H02M1/12 ,  H02J3/1857 ,  H02M7/49 ,  H02M2001/0012 ,  H02M2007/4835

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with improving spectral and dynamic performance and scalability of controlling a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC). According to the invention, a converter flux control is proposed that includes virtual converter flux tracking for a grid-connected MMC based on Optimized Pulse Patterns (OPP). The proposed flux control enables all required STATCOM tasks, including i) injection of harmonic currents and ii) unbalanced operation of the STATCOM for negative sequence current injection and operation under grid imbalances. A per-device switching frequency and switching losses are significantly decreased compared to a PWM-based control for a similar spectrum shape during nominal operation, while all spectral requirements on the output current are met. The proposed converter flux control may preferably include a Model Predictive Pulse Pattern Controller (MP3C).

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及改进控制模块化多电平转换器（MMC）的频谱和动态性能和可扩展性。 根据本发明，提出了一种转换器磁通控制，其包括基于优化脉冲模式（OPP）的并网MMC的虚拟转换器磁通跟踪。 提出的通量控制可以实现所有STATCOM任务，包括i）注入谐波电流，以及ii）STATCOM在电网不平衡下的负序电流注入和运行时的不平衡运行。 与标称运行期间相似光谱形状的基于PWM的控制相比，每个器件的开关频率和开关损耗显着降低，同时满足输出电流的所有频谱要求。 所提出的转换器通量控制可以优选地包括模型预测脉冲模式控制器（MP3C）。

公开(公告)号：WO2021175518A1

公开(公告)日：2021-09-10

申请号：PCT/EP2021/052010

申请日：2021-01-28

Applicant: ABB SCHWEIZ AG

Inventor： GEYER, Tobias ,  DU TOIT MOUTON, Hendrik

IPC: H02M7/483 ,  H02M1/12 ,  H02M7/5387

Abstract: A method for controlling an electrical converter (10), the electrical converter (10) converting an input voltage (vin) into a multi-level output voltage (vout), comprises: determining an optimized pule pattern (u(x)); determining switching states (18) from the optimized pulse pattern (u(x)) and applying the switching states (18) to semiconductor switches (14) of the electrical converter (10), such that the multi-level output voltage (vout) is generated; wherein the optimized pulse pattern (u(x)) comprises a plurality of switching transitions (Δu), each switching transition (Δui) encoding a transition between two different levels of the multi-level output voltage (vout), at a switching angle (xi); wherein the optimized pulse pattern (u(x)) is determined by optimizing a cost function; wherein the cost function J(x)=ΔuTA(x)Δu is a cost matrix A(x), which is multiplied from both sides with a vector Δu composed of the plurality of switching transitions (Δui); and wherein each entry of the cost matrix A(x) depends on polynomials into which the switching angles are input (xi).