Abstract:
Cyclododecanone (CDON) is prepared by epoxidizing cyclododecene (CDEN) to epoxycyclododecane (CDAN epoxide), and rearranging the CDAN epoxide to CDON to obtain a mixture comprising said CDON and CDEN, wherein CDEN is separated from the CDON-containing mixture and sent to the epoxidation to CDAN epoxide in step a.
Abstract:
A process for purifying laurolactam by means of integrated connection of distillation and crystallization is provided. The crystallization is performed as a solution or melt crystallization. The process reduces thermal stress applied to the laurolactam stream and improved yields are obtained. Raw materials are recovered and recycled in the production sequence.
Abstract:
A process for preparing an alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acid or an ester thereof, which includes (a) subjecting at least one unsaturated fatty acid or fatty acid derivative to ozonolysis to obtain an ozonolysis reaction mixture; and (b) oxidizing the ozonolysis reaction mixture with an oxidizing agent in the presence of an acid catalyst to obtain an oxidized reaction mixture comprising at least one alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acid or ester; wherein the process is performed using a solvent and the acid catalyst has a pKa of less than or equal to zero, as measured at 25° C.
Abstract:
A process for purifying laurolactam by means of integrated connection of distillation and crystallization is provided. The crystallization is performed as a solution or melt crystallization. The process reduces thermal stress applied to the laurolactam stream and improved yields are obtained. Raw materials are recovered and recycled in the production sequence.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing 1,2-dodeca-2,10-diene diacid and 1,12-dodecanoic acid whereby cyclooctene and acrylic acid are reacted with a ruthenium catalyst by way of a metathesis reaction at high substrate concentrations until the reaction takes place in substance, the resulting unsaturated dicarboxylic acid being precipitated and being hydrated in a second reaction step.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the coammoximation, that is to say for the simultaneous ammoximation, of ketones, in particular of cyclic ketones such as cyclododecanone and cyclohexanone. Ammoximation is taken to mean here the preparation of oximes from ketones or aldehydes together with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia and in the presence of a catalyst which essentially consists of silicon, titanium and oxygen, for example titanium silicalite.
Abstract:
A closure device, especially for vehicle doors, possesses a rotary latch interacting with a closure pin, a releasable ratchet for arresting the door, and a motor-driven shutting aid, which moves the door into the closed position. A problem from safety aspects is activating the shutting aid if fingers or articles are still located between the door and the bodywork. In order to reduce the risk of injury or damage, when the release mechanism is actuated, the force flow between the drive of the shutting aid and the door to be closed is simultaneously mechanically interrupted. As a result of this measure, the rotary latch is immediately released and the door springs open.
Abstract:
The locking device (10) for doors, in particular of vehicles, has an inside door opener and an outside door handle (12) which can be used to actuate at least one lock for locking the door. Locking devices of this type are conventionally very complicated mechanically, since the mechanical connection between the outside door handle (12) and the lock is meant to be uncoupled as a function of various functional positions. In order to reduce the mechanical complexity, only the inside door opener should act mechanically on the lock, and the outside door handle (12) should act via an electric control on an actuating drive (18), which actuates the lock. In this case, the opening command is instigated only if at least one defined allowable precondition is present. The required additional functions of locking devices can very easily be controlled by the electric control, so that additional mechanical elements are not required. The unlocking with the aid of the inside door opener, which is desired from the point of view of safety, is maintained, and the ease of use is increased because of the lower opening forces of the outside door handle.
Abstract:
A membrane module which includes a unitary, curved, backing support which retains all the U bends, serially connecting the membrane tubes, in a sealing relationship, and which includes an annular permeate-collector ring system at the end of each membrane tube and channels with a permeate manifold passageway, to provide efficient removal and easy cleaning of the permeate flow path.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for removing an organic compound from an aqueous solution, comprising the steps of providing the aqueous solution which contains the organic compound, and a hydrophobic organic solution, where the latter comprises a liquid hydrophobic cation exchanger, contacting the aqueous solution and the hydrophobic organic solution, and separating off the hydrophobic organic solution from the aqueous solution, wherein the liquid hydrophobic cation exchanger is a saturated alkanoic acid having at least one alkyl substituent, where the organic compound is an organic compound having at least one positive charge and a neutral or positive total charge.