Abstract:
This invention relates to magnetocaloric materials comprising alloys useful for magnetic refrigeration applications. In some embodiments, the disclosed alloys may be Cerium, Neodymium, and/or Gadolinium based compositions that are fairly inexpensive, and in some cases exhibit only 2 nd order magnetic phase transitions near their curie temperature, thus there are limited thermal and structural hysteresis losses. This makes these compositions attractive candidates for use in magnetic refrigeration applications. Surprisingly, the performance of the disclosed materials is similar or better to many of the known expensive rare-earth based magnetocaloric materials.
Abstract:
Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for implementing and fabricating electrochemical solar cells including dye-sensitized and perovskite-sensitized solar cells. In one aspect, a dye-sensitized solar cell device includes a cathode including a metal mesh structure that is optically transmissive and electrically conductive, an anode including a metal base layer that is optically opaque and electrically conductive, one or more layers of a semiconductive oxide coupled to the anode, the one or more layers of the semiconductive oxide including nanostructures having a photosensitive dye material coating, in which the anode generates photoelectric energy based on absorption of light by the photosensitive dye material, and an electrolyte of a substantially transparent substance and formed between the cathode and the one or more layers of a semiconductive oxide.
Abstract:
Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for fabricating clean, oxidation-free nanoparticles of electrically conducting metals and alloys using spark erosion techniques. In one aspect, a method includes dispersing bulk pieces of an electrically conducting material in a dielectric fluid with mechanical vibrations within a container; generating an electric field using electrodes in the dielectric fluid using by an electric pulse, in which the electric field creates a plasma in a volume existing between the bulk pieces that locally heats the bulk pieces to form structures within the volume, the dielectric fluid quenching the structures to form nanoparticles, and filtering the nanoparticles through a screen including holes of a size allowing nanoparticles of the size or smaller to pass through the screen to a region in the container, in which the dielectric fluid inhibits oxidation of the surface of the nanoparticles.
Abstract:
Materials, techniques, systems, and devices are disclosed for fabricating and implementing high- strength permanent magnets. In one aspect, a method of fabricating a magnet includes distributing particles of a first magnetic material such that the particles are substantially separated, in which the particles include a surface substantially free of oxygen. The method includes forming a coating of a second magnetic material over each of the particles, in which the coating forms an interface at the surface that facilitates magnetic exchange coupling between the first and second magnetic materials. The method includes consolidating the coated particles to produce a magnet that is magnetically stronger than each of the first and second magnetic materials.
Abstract:
This invention discloses novel nanocomposite material structures which are strong, highly conductive, and fatigue-resistant. It also discloses novel fabrication techniques to obtain such structures. The new nanocomposite materials comprise a high-conductivity base metal, such as copper, incorporating high-conductivity dispersoid particles that simultaneously minimize field enhancements, maintain good thermal conductivity, and enhance mechanical strength. The use of metal nanoparticles with electrical conductivity comparable to that of the base automatically removes the regions of higher RF field and enhanced current density. Additionally, conductive nanoparticles will reduce the surface’s sensitivity to arc or sputtering damage. If the surface is sputtered away to uncover the nanoparticles, their properties will not be dramatically different from the base surface. Most importantly, the secondary electron emission coefficients of all materials in the nanocomposite are small and close to unity, whereas the previously used insulating particles can produce significant and undesirable electron multiplication.
Abstract:
Disclosed are novel electrolytes, and techniques for making and devices using such electrolytes, which are based on compressed gas solvents. Unlike conventional electrolytes, disclosed electrolytes are based on “compressed gas solvents” mixed with various salts, referred to as “compressed gas electrolytes.” Various embodiments of a compressed gas solvent includes a material that is in a gas phase and has a vapor pressure above an atmospheric pressure at a room temperature. The disclosed compressed gas electrolytes can have wide electrochemical potential windows, high conductivity, low temperature capability and/or high pressure solvent properties.
Abstract:
Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for implementing switchable dispensing and/or delivery of scented substances. In one aspect, a device includes a cartridge structured to include one or more chambers containing one or more scented substances contained in a corresponding chamber, a housing structured to include a compartment to hold the cartridge, an opening to allow the scented substances to dispense to an outer environment from the device, and one or more transporting channels formed between the compartment and the opening, in which each of the one or more transporting channels is configured to accelerate a scented substance from the corresponding chamber to the opening, and an actuator switch arranged in a corresponding transporting channel and operable to move between an open position and a closed position based on an applied signal to selectively allow passage of the scented substance from the corresponding transporting path.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a novel channel structure of human amyloid beta protein (AbP) in lipid membranes and a rapid, quantitative and specific assay for screening test compounds, such as drugs, ligands (natural or synthetic), proteins, peptides and small organic molecules for their ability to bind and block the membrane AbP channels. The invention further relates to screening and identifying therapeutically relevant compounds for treating Alzheimer's disease and other disorders.
Abstract:
Methods, devices and systems are described for digitally creating new scents or digitally dispensing gas, vapor, or liquid substances. A device includes a container or replaceable cartridge including one or more chambers containing one or more scented substances; a housing structured to include a compartment to hold the cartridge, an opening to allow the one or more scented or unscented substances to dispense to an outer environment from the device, and one or more transporting channels formed between the compartment and the opening, in which each of the one or more transporting channels is configured to deliver a scented substance from the corresponding chamber to the opening for delivering a scent from the one or more scented substances; and an actuator switch arranged in a corresponding transporting channel and rapidly operable to move between an open position and closed position based on an applied signal to selectively allow passage of the scented or unscented substance from the corresponding transporting path.