公开(公告)号：US20150204780A1

公开(公告)日：2015-07-23

申请号：US14604182

申请日：2015-01-23

Applicant: BYK-Gardner GmbH

Inventor： Severin Wimmer

IPC: G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/55

CPC classification number: G01N21/4785 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N2201/13 ,  G06K7/1417

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for the calibration of optical measuring instruments (10) with a carrier (2). According to the invention the calibration body (4) has a glass body (4) which has at least one scattering element (42), wherein this scattering element (42) is completely surrounded by the glass body (4), wherein a degree of transmission of the scattering element (42) and of the glass body differ from each other.

Abstract translation: 一种用于用载体（2）校准光学测量仪器（10）的装置（1）。 根据本发明，校准体（4）具有玻璃体（4），其具有至少一个散射元件（42），其中该散射元件（42）被玻璃体（4）完全包围，其中， 散射元件（42）和玻璃体的透射彼此不同。

公开(公告)号：US08527212B2

公开(公告)日：2013-09-03

申请号：US13027259

申请日：2011-02-14

Applicant: Michael Kon Yew Hughes ,  Sebastien Tixier

Inventor： Michael Kon Yew Hughes ,  Sebastien Tixier

IPC: G06F19/00 ,  G01N21/35

CPC classification number: G01N21/3563 ,  G01N21/3559 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/86 ,  G01N21/8901 ,  G01N33/346 ,  G01N33/442 ,  G01N2021/8663 ,  G01N2021/869 ,  G01N2021/8917 ,  G01N2201/0697 ,  G01N2201/128 ,  G01N2201/13

Abstract: Radiation scattering is one of the main contributors to the uncertainty of near infrared (NIR) measurements. Enhanced absorption-measurement accuracy for NIR sensors is achieved by using a combination of NIR spectroscopy and time-of-flight techniques to select photons that are the result of a given mean free path within a moving sample target. By measuring absorption as a function of path length or by windowing signals that are attributable to excessive scattering of NIR radiation within the sample, this technique affords the calculation of more accurate and more universal calibrations. The NIR sensor employs short or ultra-short laser pulses to create NIR that is directed to the moving sample and emerging radiation is detected over time. Windowing effectively truncates non-contributing measurements.

Abstract translation: 辐射散射是近红外（NIR）测量不确定度的主要原因之一。 通过使用NIR光谱和飞行时间技术的组合来选择作为移动样本目标中给定平均自由程的结果的光子，实现NIR传感器增强的吸收测量精度。 通过测量作为路径长度的函数的吸收，或者通过对由于样品内的NIR辐射的过度散射而引起的信号的加窗信号，该技术提供了更准确和更通用的校准的计算。 NIR传感器使用短或超短激光脉冲来产生针对移动样品的NIR，并且随着时间的推移检测出新的辐射。 窗口化有效地截断了无贡献的测量。

公开(公告)号：US4983044A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-08

申请号：US32743

申请日：1987-03-31

Applicant: Miriam Schweber

Inventor： Miriam Schweber

IPC: C12Q1/68 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N30/95

CPC classification number: G01N21/5911 ,  C12Q1/68 ,  G01N2201/13 ,  G01N30/95

Abstract: Accurate quantitative determination of signals produced on film by biological molecules of interest, such as DNA and RNA, identified by hybridization with radioactively-labeled probes comprising homologous sequences (DNA or RNA) is assured by means of preimaging of a density gradient reference series on the film to calibrate the linear range of the film's response. The reference may include a gradient of incremented density levels or it may include multiple steps produced by differing amounts of a standard radiant material. The film may be preimaged with a step-wedge density gradient by means of a film holder with arrangements to optically isolate a substantial portion of the film. Densitometric tracings of the signals generated by the radioactively-identified molecules can be adjusted to lie within the linear range of response of the film defined by the tracing of the step-wedge image by adjustment of the film exposure or sample concentrations.Accurate quantitation can be assured if the heights of the peaks on the densitometric tracings of bands on the film produced by hybridization of probes containing sequences from test and reference chromosomes lie within the linear range of response of the film. Computation of the ratios of areas of test and reference sequences on each sample can then be compared to those of samples of known genetic constitution under similar conditions.The method described can be used to detect alterations (changes from normal) in DNA content of cells within individual samples by single tracings. It can thus be used to diagnose, prenatally or postnatally, any genetic conditions, (including those such as Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease), whose basis involves an abnormal quantity of DNA in cells.

Abstract translation: 通过与包含同源序列（DNA或RNA）的放射性标记的探针杂交鉴定的感兴趣的生物分子（例如DNA和RNA）在膜上产生的信号的准确定量确定通过在 电影校准电影响应的线性范围。 参考可以包括递增密度水平的梯度，或者其可以包括由不同量的标准辐射材料产生的多个步骤。 可以通过具有光学隔离膜的大部分的布置的膜保持器以阶梯楔密度梯度预成型膜。 通过放射性识别的分子产生的信号的光密度跟踪可以被调整为位于由通过调整膜暴露或样品浓度的步进楔形图像的追踪限定的膜的响应的线性范围内。 如果通过包含来自测试染色体和参考染色体的序列的探针的杂交产生的膜上的光谱条带上的峰的高度位于膜的响应的线性范围内，则可以确保准确的定量。 然后可以在相似的条件下，将每个样品上的测试和参考序列的面积比的计算与已知遗传构成的样品的比较进行比较。 所描述的方法可用于通过单一追踪来检测个体样品中细胞DNA含量的变化（正常变化）。 因此，它可以用于诊断，产前或后期任何基因条件（包括唐氏综合征和阿尔茨海默病），其基础涉及细胞中DNA的异常量。

公开(公告)号：US4465929A

公开(公告)日：1984-08-14

申请号：US413151

申请日：1982-08-27

Applicant: Roger F. Edgar

Inventor： Roger F. Edgar

IPC: G01N21/01 ,  G01J5/52 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01D18/00

CPC classification number: G01J5/52 ,  G01N21/3554 ,  G01N21/3559 ,  G01N2201/13

Abstract: The calibration standard is attached to a sensing head of an infrared absorption gauge for the purpose of calibrating the gauge. The calibration standard includes spectrally selective absorption means having a spectrum closely resembling that of a substance to be measured, such as water sorbed onto a paper sample. The calibration standard also includes optical means for returning infrared radiation, which has passed through the absorption means, to the absorption gauge substantially along the same path as would normally be followed by the radiation reflected from the sample in the absence of the standard. The spectrally selective absorption means is preferably made of anhydrous material, such as glass containing a rare earth substance, or polypropylene, which is stable. The optical means may include diffusing means and a reflective plane. According to one arrangement, the calibration standard comprises a housing with a window at one end, a plurality of diffusing elements attached to a central portion of the window and a reflective plane spaced from the diffusing elements. The window and/or the diffusing elements and/or the reflective plane may comprise or include the spectrally selective absorption means. Various arrangements are described.

Abstract translation: 校准标准附加到红外吸收计的感测头，用于校准量规。 校准标准包括光谱选择性吸收装置，其具有与要测量的物质的光谱非常相似的光谱，例如吸附在纸样上的水。 校准标准还包括用于将已经通过吸收装置的红外辐射返回到吸收计的光学装置，基本上沿着与没有标准的样品反射的辐射通常遵循的相同的路径。 光谱选择吸收装置优选由无水材料制成，例如含有稀土物质的玻璃或稳定的聚丙烯。 光学装置可以包括扩散装置和反射平面。 根据一种布置，校准标准包括在一端具有窗口的壳体，附接到窗口的中心部分的多个扩散元件和与扩散元件间隔开的反射平面。 窗口和/或扩散元件和/或反射平面可以包括或包括光谱选择性吸收装置。 描述各种布置。