公开(公告)号：US4632675A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-30

申请号：US640012

申请日：1984-08-10

Applicant: Geoffrey Davies ,  Ahmed El-Toukhy

Inventor： Geoffrey Davies ,  Ahmed El-Toukhy

IPC: C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/182 ,  C10L1/185 ,  C10L1/222 ,  C10L1/223 ,  C10L1/22

CPC classification number: C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/023 ,  C10L1/1857 ,  C10L1/2222 ,  C10L1/223

Abstract: Coal liquid fractions to be used as fuels are stabilized against gum formation and viscosity increases during storage, permitting the fuel to be burned as is, without further expensive treatments to remove gums or gum-forming materials. Stabilization is accomplished by addition of cyclohexanol or other simple inexpensive secondary and tertiary alcohols, secondary and tertiary amines, and ketones to such coal liquids at levels of 5-25% by weight with respect to the coal liquid being treated. Cyclohexanol is a particularly effective and cost-efficient stabilizer. Other stabilizers are isopropanol, diphenylmethanol, tertiary butanol, dipropylamine, triethylamine, diphenylamine, ethylmethylketone, cyclohexanone, methylphenylketone, and benzophenone. Experimental data indicate that stabilization is achieved by breaking hydrogen bonds between phenols in the coal liquid, thereby preventing or retarding oxidative coupling.

Abstract translation: 用作燃料的煤液体馏分在保存期间稳定，防止胶体形成并且粘度增加，允许燃料按原样燃烧，而不需要进一步昂贵的处理以除去树胶或成胶材料。 相对于被处理的煤液，以5-25重量％的量将环己醇或其它简单便宜的仲醇和叔醇，仲胺和叔胺和酮加入这种煤液中来实现稳定化。 环己醇是一种特别有效且具有成本效益的稳定剂。 其他稳定剂是异丙醇，二苯基甲醇，叔丁醇，二丙胺，三乙胺，二苯胺，乙基甲基酮，环己酮，甲基苯基酮和二苯甲酮。 实验数据表明，通过破坏煤液中酚类之间的氢键来实现稳定化，从而防止或延缓氧化偶联。

公开(公告)号：US4541837A

公开(公告)日：1985-09-17

申请号：US207616

申请日：1980-11-17

Applicant: John H. R. Norton ,  Peter R. Rebello ,  Clifford M. Kavonic ,  Anthony J. Stiff

Inventor： John H. R. Norton ,  Peter R. Rebello ,  Clifford M. Kavonic ,  Anthony J. Stiff

IPC: F02M25/00 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/02 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/22

CPC classification number: C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/026

Abstract: The invention concerns a fuel comprising a mixture of (A) at least one alcohol with an average molecular weight of less than 160, and (B) at least one further organic compound which has a spontaneous ignition temperature of less than 450.degree. C. The further organic compound is(1) a compound which contains one or more oxygen atoms but no nitrogen atoms, with the proviso that, (1.1) the compound is not a dialkoxy compound of formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 indicate hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals with up to 4 C-atoms, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals with up to 4 C-atoms; or(2) a compound which contains one or more nitrate groups and one or more ether linkages, or(3) a nitrogen-containing organic compound selected from the group consisting of azo compounds, tetrazines, nitroso compounds, nitro compounds, nitrates, and hyponitrites, with the proviso that component (B) is not entirely a linear or branched-chain alkyl nitrate containing between 2 and 8 carbon atoms.There are the provisos that, when the alcohol is methanol, the component (B) is not(a) a polyether of the general formula R[O(A).sub.n H]m wherein R represents hydrogen or a residue of an organic compound, which is built up of hydrogen and carbon and optionally oxygen and which has from 1 to 12 hydrogen atoms, which can be reacted with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide; A represents independently of each other a group derived from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide; m is a number from 1-12, and n has such a value that the total number of units derived from ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide is 4-400, and is not(b) a polyether soluble in methanol and which contains 4-400 oxyalkylene units, derived from ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, wherein said oxyalkylene units constitute at least 40 percent by weight of the polyether.

公开(公告)号：US4358565A

公开(公告)日：1982-11-09

申请号：US203073

申请日：1980-10-31

Applicant: Rudolf J. A. Eckert

Inventor： Rudolf J. A. Eckert

IPC: C10M107/42 ,  C08C19/44 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/04 ,  C08F279/02 ,  C08F285/00 ,  C08F287/00 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10M149/10 ,  C10N20/04 ,  C10N60/02 ,  C08F255/02 ,  C10M1/32 ,  C10M3/26 ,  C10M5/20

CPC classification number: C08C19/44 ,  C08F279/02 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10M149/10 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/06

Abstract: A modified hydrogenated star-shaped polymer comprising a nucleus, e.g., divinylbenzene, with polymeric arms linked to it is prepared by grafting a hydrogenated star-shaped polymer with a nitrogen-containing polymerizable polar organic compound, e.g., 2-vinylpyridine or 4-vinylpyridine. Such polymers are useful as viscosity index improvers for lube oil compositions, and also possess dispersancy.

Abstract translation: 通过用含氮可聚合的极性有机化合物（例如2-乙烯基吡啶或4-乙烯基吡啶）接枝氢化星形聚合物来制备包含核的例如二乙烯基苯的改性氢化星形聚合物，其中聚合臂与其连接 。 这样的聚合物可用作润滑油组合物的粘度指数改进剂，并且还具有分散性。

公开(公告)号：US4321061A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-23

申请号：US202829

申请日：1980-10-31

Applicant: Robert M. Parlman ,  Roy C. Lee ,  Lyle D. Burns

Inventor： Robert M. Parlman ,  Roy C. Lee ,  Lyle D. Burns

IPC: C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/232 ,  C10L1/22

CPC classification number: C10L1/232 ,  C10L1/00

Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbon fuel compositions are provided containing antiknock quantities of ashless antiknock additives comprising cyclic diamines selected from 1,4-diazacycloalkanes.

Abstract translation: 提供液体烃燃料组合物，其包含抗爆剂量的无灰抗爆剂，其包含选自1,4-二氮杂环烷烃的环状二胺。

公开(公告)号：US4278444A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-14

申请号：US142799

申请日：1980-04-22

Applicant: Robert E. Beyer ,  John P. Magoulas

Inventor： Robert E. Beyer ,  John P. Magoulas

IPC: C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/18

CPC classification number: C10L1/003

Abstract: Method of determining the presence of one or more liquid hydrocarbons in a liquid hydrocarbon mixture, the method having the step of adding to the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons to be detected a minor amount of an alkylated isodibenzanthrone.

Abstract translation: 一种确定液体烃混合物中一种或多种液态烃的存在的方法，该方法具有以下步骤：将少量烷基化的异二苯并二恶烷加入待检测的烃或烃中。

公开(公告)号：US4192653A

公开(公告)日：1980-03-11

申请号：US865607

申请日：1977-12-29

Applicant: Joseph P. Giannetti ,  Harold E. Swift

Inventor： Joseph P. Giannetti ,  Harold E. Swift

IPC: C10G1/00 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10G1/06

CPC classification number: C10G1/006 ,  C10G1/002

Abstract: Novel fuel compositions comprising: (A) A solid and/or semi-solid material formed by a process for upgrading coal which comprises the steps of: (1) subjecting a slurry composed of coal and a solvent containing donatable hydrogen, together with hydrogen, to catalyst-free hydrogenation conditions in a first hydrogenation zone to form an intermediate coal-solvent slurry; (2) deashing said intermediate coal-solvent slurry to form a coal-solvent solution; (3) subjecting said coal-solvent solution to catalytic hydrogenation conditions in a second hydrogenation zone to obtain a product that can be separated at ambient pressure into (a) a first liquid fraction boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100.degree. to about 375.degree. C., (b) a second liquid fraction boiling above said first liquid fraction at a temperature in the range of about 200.degree. to about 525.degree. C. and (c) said solid and/or semi-solid material; and then (4) recycling at least a portion of said second liquid fraction to said first hydrogention zone; and (B) a light-boiling hydrocarbon stock boiling at a temperature in the range of about 100.degree. to about 375.degree. C. at ambient pressure; wherein the weight ratio of said solid and/or semi-solid material to said light-boiling hydrocarbon stock is about 20:1 to about 1.5:1.

Abstract translation: 新型燃料组合物，其包含：（A）通过用于提高煤的方法形成的固体和/或半固体材料，其包括以下步骤：（1）将由煤和含有可氢化氢的溶剂组成的浆料与氢气， 在第一加氢区中的无催化剂氢化条件以形成中间的煤 - 溶剂浆料; （2）将所述中间煤溶剂浆液除冰以形成煤溶剂溶液; （3）在第二氢化区中对所述煤溶剂溶液进行催化氢化处理，得到可在环境压力下分离成（a）在约100℃至约100℃的温度范围内沸腾的第一液体馏分的产物 375℃，（b）在约200℃至约525℃的温度范围内沸腾至高于所述第一液体馏分的第二液体馏分和（c）所述固体和/或半固体材料; 然后（4）将所述第二液体部分的至少一部分再循环到所述第一水压区域; 和（B）在环境压力下在约100至约375℃的温度范围内沸腾的轻沸点烃原料; 其中所述固体和/或半固体材料与所述轻质烃原料的重量比为约20:1至约1.5:1。

公开(公告)号：US3948617A

公开(公告)日：1976-04-06

申请号：US443403

申请日：1974-02-19

Applicant: Benjamin Withorn

Inventor： Benjamin Withorn

IPC: C10L1/12 ,  C10L10/00 ,  F23J7/00 ,  C10L9/00 ,  C10B57/00 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C21B5/00

CPC classification number: C10L10/02 ,  C10L1/1233 ,  F23J7/00

Abstract: The reduction of emission of sulphur dioxide from fuels containing sulphur components when such fuels are combusted. The reduction of such sulphur dioxide emissions upon the combustion of such sulphur containing fuels is accomplished by the introduction into such fuels an alkali additive which is pressure fed into such fuels at a point closely adjacent the burner structure for the combustion process thus insuring for the intimate mixture of such alkali material with the fuels to be combusted. The alkali material serves to neutralize the sulphur containing impurities which are normally caused to exit through a conventional stack exit for the exhaust gases from the burner.

Abstract translation: 当燃料燃烧时，减少含有硫成分的燃料的二氧化硫排放。 在这种含硫燃料的燃烧时减少这种二氧化硫排放是通过将这种燃料引入碱性添加剂来实现的，所述碱添加剂在紧邻燃烧器结构的点紧压在这种燃料中进行燃烧，从而确保亲密 这种碱性物质与要燃烧的燃料的混合物。 碱性材料用于中和通常通过常规堆叠出口排出来自燃烧器的废气的含硫杂质。

公开(公告)号：US3883568A

公开(公告)日：1975-05-13

申请号：US35996373

申请日：1973-05-14

Applicant: MORTON NORWICH PRODUCTS INC

Inventor： TURNER ROBERT J ,  BOOTH DAVID L ,  BERRY RICHARD D

IPC: C09B1/06 ,  C09B31/06 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C07C49/74

CPC classification number: C10L1/003 ,  C09B1/06 ,  C09B31/06 ,  C10L1/1857 ,  C10L1/226 ,  C10M2207/025 ,  C10M2215/182 ,  C10N2270/02

Abstract: A new alkylated quinizarin, 2(2-ethylhexyl) quinizarin, useful for marking water immiscible organic liquids; marked water immiscible organic liquids; and a method of marking said liquids with an additive which may be subsequently extracted from said liquid and easily identified by visual inspection. The method comprises dissolving in the liquid to be marked an additive selected from the group consisting of an alkylated quinizarin, the reaction product of diazotized ortho tolidine and pnonylphenol and of diazotized xylidine and p-nonylphenol. The additive is detected by extraction from the marked liquid by means of a water soluble polar organic solvent containing a base and from 0 to about 75 percent by weight of water to yield a distinctively colored extract which is identified by visual inspection. The identification may be further corroborated by chromatographic separation of the additive or by spectrophotometric analysis.

Abstract translation: 用于标记水不混溶有机液体的新的烷基化醌arin嗪（2（2-乙基己基）醌iz嗪） 标记水不混溶有机液体; 以及用添加剂对所述液体进行标记的方法，所述添加剂随后可以从所述液体中提取并且通过目视检查容易地识别。 该方法包括溶解在待标记的液体中，该添加剂选自烷基化的醌iz嗪，重氮化的邻甲苯胺和对壬基苯酚的反应产物和重氮化二甲苯胺和对壬基苯酚。 通过含有碱和0至约75重量％的水的水溶性极性有机溶剂从标记液体中萃取来检测添加剂，以产生通过目视检查鉴别的独特色的提取物。 可以通过添加剂的色谱分离或通过分光光度分析进一步证实该鉴定。

公开(公告)号：US3867475A

公开(公告)日：1975-02-18

申请号：US34332273

申请日：1973-03-21

Applicant: TEXACO INC

Inventor： ESTES JOHN H ,  COLE EDWARD L

IPC: C10L1/00 ,  B01J23/00 ,  B01J27/00 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C1/00 ,  C07C2/62 ,  C07C9/16 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C3/54

CPC classification number: C07C2/62 ,  C07C2527/03 ,  C07C2527/054

Abstract: A strong acid catalyzed alkylation process wherein an isoparaffin is alkylated with an alkylating agent such as olefin hydrocarbon, alkyl sulfates, in the liquid phase, at a superatmospheric pressure and a temperature in the range of from below zero to about 100*F., and wherein gaseous carbon dioxide is dissolved in the strong acid catalyst.

Abstract translation: 强酸催化的烷基化方法，其中异链烷烃在烷烃化剂如烯烃，烷基硫酸盐，液相中，在超大气压和低于零至大约100°F的温度范围内烷基化，以及 其中气态二氧化碳溶解在强酸催化剂中。

公开(公告)号：US3725020A

公开(公告)日：1973-04-03

申请号：US3725020D

申请日：1970-08-05

Applicant: TEXACO INC

Inventor： SLATER W ,  AHLBORN J

IPC: C01B3/32 ,  C10L1/00 ,  C10L1/18

CPC classification number: C01B3/32

Abstract: IMPROVED FUEL COMPOSITION COMPRISING ABOUT 1 TO 80 WEIGHT PERCENT OF AN OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONACEOUS ORGANIC MATERIAL CONTAINING ABOUT 5 TO 60 WEIGHT PERCENT OF COMBINED OXYGEN AND ACARBONIFEROUS FUEL IN THE AMOUNT OF ABOUT 20 TO 99 WEIGHT PERCENT. THE SUBJECT FUEL COMPOSITION IS ESPECIALLY SUITABLE AS FEEDSTOCK FOR A PARTIAL OXIDATION GAS GENERATOR FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS OR FUEL GAS