Abstract:
A lubricant material contains an oleoginous lubricant base together with (a) a dialkyl tin sulphide compound of formula wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different alkyl groups containing 3-6 carbon atoms or (b) a trimeric tin sulphide compound of formula wherein the R1s are methyl or ethyl groups or hydrogen. The lubricant base may be chosen from hydrocarbon oils (e.g. petroleum or polyolefin oils), organosilicon compounds (e.g. polysiloxanes, halogen-substituted polysiloxanes or silicate esters), polyesters (e.g. dialkyl esters of dicarboxylic acids, complex esters, esters formed between polycarboxylic acids and mono- or poly-hydric alcohols, or esters formed between monocarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols), fluorocarbon or chlorofluorocarbon oils, aromatic ether oils (which may be halogen-substituted), phosphate esters, tetrahydrofuran/alkene oxide copolymers, polyalkylene glycols or their esters or ethers, polyglycidyl ethers and polythioglycols. The lubricant material may contain additional ingredients such as soaps (e.g. lead oleate, aluminium tristearate, lithium naphthenate or barium oleate), antioxidants or other thickeners, and may be used as a lubricant in electric equipment or as a cutting oil. Where the lubricant material is a grease, it may contain unreacted fat, fatty acids and alkali; unsaponifiable matter including glycerol and fatty alcohols; rosin or wool grease; water; and modifiers or peptizers. In use, the lubricant material may be placed between the rubbing surfaces, the surfaces allowed to rub together at a low initial load while in contact with the lubricant material, and the load gradually increased up to the operating load. In this way, an anti-wear film is believed to be formed on the rubbing surfaces. Alternatively, a break-in lubricant (comprising an organometallic compound of a Group IIIa or IVa metal and a mineral oil) may first be placed between the rubbing surfaces, the surfaces allowed to rub together lightly while in contact with the break-in lubricant, and the break-in lubricant then removed and replaced by the lubricant containing the tin sulphide compound. In the examples, (1) diisopropyl tin sulphide is added to a grease prepared from mineral oil, 12-hydroxy stearic acid, boric acid and quicklime, (2) di-n-butyl tin sulphide is added to a grease prepared from mineral oil, blown asphalt, hydrogenated fish oil fatty acids and litharge, (3)2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trithiatristanninane is added to mineral white oil and (4) 2,4,6-triethyl- 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6,-trithiatristanninane is added to a mixture of the o-, m- and p-isomers of bis-(methylphenoxy) benzene.
Abstract:
An emulsifiable composition, suitable for use as a lubricant for textile fibres, comprises a major proportion of mineral lubricating oil and minor proportions each of an oil-soluble naphthasulphonate, an oil-soluble non-ionic emulsifier and a nitrogenous emulsifier which is soluble in oil but substantially insoluble in water. The naphthosulphonate is a salt obtained by neutralizing petroleum mahogany sulphonic acids with an alkali metal hydroxide, ammonia or an aliphatic amine or alkylolamine. The oil-soluble non-ionic emulsifier may be a monohydric or dihydric alcohol or an alcohol carrying substituents such as ether and/or ester groups, examples of these classes of non-ionic emulsifiers are given. If desired, a mixture of two or more oil-soluble non-ionic emulsifiers may be employed, and a mixture of glyceryl dioleate and diethylene glycol monolaurate, with or without monoethylene glycol mono-oleate; is specified. Suitable nitrogenous emulsifiers are primary, secondary and tertiary amines containing at least one hydrophobic group attached to the nitrogen atom substituted isoureas isothioureas guauidines, iminazoles, imidazolines and pyrimidines and salts of such substituted compounds with inorganic or organic acids such as hydrochloric, acetic, stearic or oleic acid. Examples of the various classes of nitrogenous emulsifiers are given; mixtures of nitrogenous emulsifiers may also be employed. The emulsifiable compositions may also contain coupling agents or mutual solvents (e.g. lower monohydric alcohols, phenols, glycols, polyglycols and glycol mono-ethers), anionic emulsifiers (e.g. alkali metal salts of higher fatty acids, rosin acids, sulphated alcohols and alkyl aryl sulphonic acids), antioxidants (e.g. 2, 4-dimethyl-6-tert. butyl phenol, N-butyl p-phenylene diamine and tetramethyl diaminodiphenyl methane), antifoaming agents (e.g. silicones, N, N1-distearyl ethylene diamine and N, N1-distearyl hexamethylene diamine), fungicides (e.g. salicylanilide) and corrosion inhibitors (e.g. primary amines, alkyl-substituted oxazolines and oxazoline salts of fatty acids). If desired, the emulsifiable compositions may be applied to textile fibres in the form of aqueous emulsions. In the examples, mineral lubricating oil compositions are described containing sodium naphthasulphonates, glycerol dioleate, diethylene glycol monolaurate (with or without "Cithrol A"), 1-b -hydroxyethyl-2-heptadecylene imidazoline, colophony rosin, oleic acid, potassium hydroxide, isopropyl alcohol and water. Specification 703,499 is referred to.