Para selectivity in catalyzed disubstitutions of monosubstituted
benzenes containing meta-directing substituents
    172.
    发明授权
    Para selectivity in catalyzed disubstitutions of monosubstituted benzenes containing meta-directing substituents 失效
    含有元引导取代基的单取代苯的催化取代基中的对位选择性

    公开(公告)号:US4754083A

    公开(公告)日:1988-06-28

    申请号:US855348

    申请日:1986-04-24

    CPC classification number: C07C201/08

    Abstract: Para selectivity in the conversion of a monosubstituted benzene containing a meta-directing group to disubstituted benzenes can be substantially enhanced by carrying out the reaction in the gas phase with an inorganic or organic substitution agent in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising a crystalline molecular sieve material. In particular, nitrobenzene can be converted using nitrogen dioxide in the gas phase to a product containing an augmented proportion of para-dinitrobenzene using a wide range of catalyst compositions comprising both synthetic and naturally occurring crystalline molecular sieve materials such as ferrierites, X-type zeolites, Y-type zeolites, silicalite, framework-modified silicalites, ZSM aluminosilicates, AMS-1B borosilicates, and AlPO.sub.4 types.

    Abstract translation: 通过在含有结晶分子筛的催化剂组合物存在下,用无机或有机取代剂在气相中进行反应,可以显着提高含有间位导向基团的单取代苯转化为二取代苯的对位选择性 材料。 特别地,使用广泛范围的催化剂组合物,包括合成和天然存在的结晶分子筛材料如镁碱沸石,X型沸石,硝基苯可以使用气相中的二氧化氮转化成含有增加比例的对二硝基苯的产物 Y型沸石,硅沸石,骨架改性硅沸石,ZSM铝硅酸盐,AMS-1B硼硅酸盐和AlPO4类型。

    Process for the production of dinitrotoluene
    173.
    发明授权
    Process for the production of dinitrotoluene 失效
    生产二硝基甲苯的方法

    公开(公告)号:US4663490A

    公开(公告)日:1987-05-05

    申请号:US710895

    申请日:1985-03-12

    CPC classification number: C07C201/08

    Abstract: In the production of dinitrotoluene by a two-stage reaction of toluene with nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid, wherein toluene is nitrated to mononitrotoluene in the first stage using spent acid from the second stage, and the mononitrotoluene is nitrated to dinitrotoluene in the second stage using concentrated spent acid from the first stage, the improvement which comprises concentrating spent acid under vacuum in an indirectly-heated evaporator and feeding mononitrotoluene into the superheated vapor of the evaporator.

    Abstract translation: 在硫酸存在下,通过甲苯与硝酸的两步反应制备二硝基甲苯,其中使用第二阶段的废酸在第一阶段将甲苯硝化为一硝基甲苯,并将一硝基甲苯硝化为二硝基甲苯 第二阶段使用来自第一阶段的浓缩废酸,其改进包括在间接加热的蒸发器中真空浓缩废酸,并将单硝基甲苯加入到蒸发器的过热蒸气中。

    Nitration of organic compounds and organic nitrogen compounds produced
    176.
    发明授权
    Nitration of organic compounds and organic nitrogen compounds produced 失效
    生成有机化合物和有机氮化合物的硝化

    公开(公告)号:US4496783A

    公开(公告)日:1985-01-29

    申请号:US489467

    申请日:1983-04-28

    CPC classification number: C07C201/08 C07C201/02 C07C201/04

    Abstract: Nitration of organic compounds and organic nitrogen compounds produced.Organic nitrogen compounds are formed in the vapor phase by organic radical formation by reaction of an organic compound with hydroxyl radicals derived from the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen dioxide and the nitration of the organic radicals, suitably with nitrogen dioxide. The process may be conducted as a single stage process using an excess of nitrogen dioxide over that required for hydroxyl radical formation. The production of hydroxyl radicals is maximized by the use of a catalytic solid surface such as a solid acid or an acidic oxide or mixed oxide. The product may be a mixture of some or all of the nitrite, nitrate and nitro-derivative which may be used as such, e.g. as a fuel additive, as a source of the individual compounds or as a feedstock for a further synthesis.

    Abstract translation: 生成有机化合物和有机氮化合物的硝化。 通过有机化合物与过氧化氢和二氧化氮之间的反应衍生的羟基自由基反应形成有机氮化合物,并适当地用二氧化氮硝化有机氮化合物。 该方法可以作为使用过量二氧化氮超过羟基自由基形成所需的二氧化氮的单阶段方法进行。 通过使用催化固体表面如固体酸或酸性氧化物或混合氧化物,使羟基自由基的产生最大化。 产物可以是一些或全部亚硝酸根,硝酸根和硝基衍生物的混合物,可以如此使用。 作为燃料添加剂,作为单独化合物的来源或作为进一步合成的原料。

    Cyanide reduction in nitroaromatic process
    179.
    发明授权
    Cyanide reduction in nitroaromatic process 失效
    氰化物还原硝基芳香工艺

    公开(公告)号:US4361712A

    公开(公告)日:1982-11-30

    申请号:US151024

    申请日:1980-05-19

    CPC classification number: C07C201/08

    Abstract: The invention relates to a method of eliminating or substantially reducing the amount of cyanide formed in a polynitroaromatic, e.g. dinitrotoluene process. The invention comprises removing the nitrophenolic material from the mononitroaromatic formed in a first stage nitration of toluene prior to feeding the mononitroaromatic to the subsequent nitration zones.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种消除或显着减少在多硝基芳族化合物中形成的氰化物的量的方法。 二硝基甲苯工艺。 本发明包括在将单硝基芳族化合物送入后续硝化区之前,从在甲苯的第一阶段硝化中形成的一硝基芳族化合物中除去硝基酚物质。

    Process for the preparation of 4,5-dinitro-1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone
    180.
    发明授权
    Process for the preparation of 4,5-dinitro-1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone 失效
    制备4,5-二硝基-1,8-二羟基蒽醌的方法

    公开(公告)号:US4342701A

    公开(公告)日:1982-08-03

    申请号:US123870

    申请日:1980-02-22

    CPC classification number: C07C201/08 C07C201/14 C07C2103/24

    Abstract: 95-99% pure 4,5-dinitro-1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone which is essentially free from by-products is obtained by "direct nitration" of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinones or 1,8-dimethoxyanthraquinones if the concentrations of acid are chosen such that, when the nitration reaction and, if appropriate, the saponification reaction have ended, an 80-100% strength sulphuric acid is present, or such a sulphuric acid concentration is established by adding water, and the 4,5-dinitro-1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone which crystallizes out is separated off.

    Abstract translation: 如果选择酸的浓度,则通过“直接硝化”1,8-二羟基蒽醌或1,8-二甲氧基蒽醌获得基本上不含副产物的95-99%纯的4,5-二硝基-1,8-二羟基蒽醌 使得当硝化反应和(如果合适的话)皂化反应已经结束时,存在80-100%的强度硫酸,或者通过加入水来建立这样的硫酸浓度,并且将4,5-dinitro-1 分离出结晶出的8-二羟基蒽醌。

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