公开(公告)号：US09737956B2

公开(公告)日：2017-08-22

申请号：US13918244

申请日：2013-06-14

Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

Inventor： David Yang ,  Michael J. Karagoulis ,  David R. Sigler

IPC: B23K11/10 ,  B23K11/11 ,  B23K11/16 ,  B23K11/00

CPC classification number: B23K11/115 ,  B23K11/0033 ,  B23K11/166

Abstract: Resistance spot welding of a thin-gauge steel workpiece to another steel workpiece is achieved through the combined use of specific spot welding electrodes and a pulsating welding current. Each of the spot welding electrodes has a weld face that is smaller in diameter than a typical steel spot welding electrode. And the pulsating welding current that is used in conjunction with the smaller-sized spot welding electrodes includes at least two stages of electrical current pulses.

公开(公告)号：US20170114252A1

公开(公告)日：2017-04-27

申请号：US15302115

申请日：2014-04-09

Applicant: Xin YANG ,  GM Global Technology Operations LLC

Inventor： Xin Yang ,  Jing Zhang ,  Yongqiang Li ,  Jianfeng Wang ,  David Yang

IPC: C09J11/04 ,  C08K7/18 ,  C09J5/06

CPC classification number: C09J11/04 ,  C08K3/08 ,  C08K7/18 ,  C09J5/00 ,  C09J5/06 ,  C09J2205/102 ,  C09J2400/163

Abstract: A bonding system comprising a first substrate, a first substrate (110) having a first contact surface (115) including a plurality of grooves (140), a second substrate (120) having a second contact surface (125), an adhesive (200) in contact with the first contact surface (115), and the second contact surface (125), and a plurality of solder balls (300) positioned at least partially in the adhesive (200) and in contact with the first contact surface (115). A bonding method comprising applying, on a first contact surface (115) including a plurality of grooves (140) an adhesive (200), positioning, at least partially in the adhesive (200), each of a plurality of solder balls (300), connecting, to a portion of the adhesive (200) opposite the first contact surface (115), a second contact surface (125), and applying heat to the first contact surface (115) such that at least one of the plurality of solder balls (300) reaches a solder-ball bonding temperature whereat the solder ball bonds to the first contact surface (115).

公开(公告)号：US20160355902A1

公开(公告)日：2016-12-08

申请号：US15101613

申请日：2014-01-20

Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

Inventor： David Yang ,  Jing Zhang ,  Li Sun ,  Blair E. Carlson

IPC: C21D9/50 ,  B23K11/16 ,  B23K11/11 ,  C21D11/00 ,  B23K26/32 ,  B23K20/10 ,  B23K20/22 ,  B23K9/23 ,  B23K26/14

CPC classification number: C21D9/505 ,  B23K9/16 ,  B23K9/23 ,  B23K11/115 ,  B23K11/16 ,  B23K20/10 ,  B23K20/22 ,  B23K26/244 ,  B23K26/32 ,  B23K26/348 ,  B23K2103/04 ,  B23K2103/10 ,  B23K2103/50 ,  C21D9/50 ,  C21D11/00 ,  C21D11/005 ,  C21D2211/008

Abstract: A welding method includes the following steps: (a) determining a martensite tempering temperature of the at least two workpieces based, at least in part, on the chemical composition and microstructure of the woworkpieces; (b) applying sufficient energy to the workpieces to melt the workpieces at a target location, thereby creating a weld pool; (c) determining, via the control module, a target temperature and cooling range of a coolant and cooling range based, at least in part, on the martensite tempering temperature and HAZ width; and (d) cooling the first and second workpieces with the coolant such that a temperature of the workpieces at heat-affected zones is controlled below the martensite tempering temperature in order to minimize softening at the heat-affected zones. The present invention also relates to a welding system for minimizing HAZ softening.

Abstract translation: 一种焊接方法包括以下步骤：（a）至少部分地基于所述焊料的化学组成和微结构来确定所述至少两个工件的马氏体回火温度; （b）向工件施加足够的能量以在目标位置处熔化工件，从而形成焊接池; （c）至少部分地基于马氏体回火温度和HAZ宽度，经由控制模块确定冷却剂的目标温度和冷却范围;以及冷却范围; 和（d）用冷却剂冷却第一和第二工件，使得热影响区域的工件的温度控制在马氏体回火温度以下，以使热影响区域的软化最小化。 本发明还涉及一种用于最小化HAZ软化的焊接系统。

公开(公告)号：US20140231396A1

公开(公告)日：2014-08-21

申请号：US13769457

申请日：2013-02-18

Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

Inventor： David Yang ,  David R. Sigler ,  Jing Zhang

IPC: B23K11/11

CPC classification number: B23K11/11 ,  B23K11/115 ,  B23K11/3018 ,  B23K11/36

Abstract: A method for improving a resistance spot weld includes stacking two or more metal sheets and positioning first and second opposed electrodes on opposite sides of the metal stack. At least one of the metal sheets is chilled in the region where the weld is to be made. Weld current is applied to the electrodes and passes through the metal sheets to create the electric resistance spot weld only after the chilling of the at least one metal sheet reduces the temperature at the faying interface at least 5° C., thereby improving the formation of the weld nugget and quality of the weld joint. The chilling can be obtained by flowing chilled gas onto the surface of one or both of the outermost metal sheets, or by contacting the outermost metal sheets with the chilled electrode for a period of time prior to applying the weld current.

Abstract translation: 一种改善电阻点焊的方法包括堆叠两个或更多个金属片，并将第一和第二相对电极定位在金属叠层的相对侧上。 在要制造焊缝的区域中至少有一个金属片被冷却。 焊接电流施加到电极并通过金属片，以在仅在至少一个金属片的冷却将接合界面的温度降低至少5℃之后才产生电阻点焊，从而改善形成 焊点和焊缝质量。 可以通过将冷却气体流到一个或两个最外面的金属板的表面上，或者通过在施加焊接电流之前将最外面的金属板与冷却的电极接触一段时间来获得冷却。

公开(公告)号：US20140138367A1

公开(公告)日：2014-05-22

申请号：US14076648

申请日：2013-11-11

Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

Inventor： Jing Zhang ,  Pei-Chung Wang ,  David Yang

IPC: B23K35/02

CPC classification number: B23K35/0261 ,  B23K35/0255 ,  B23K35/0266 ,  B23K35/30 ,  B23K35/302 ,  B23K35/3033 ,  B23K35/3053 ,  B23K35/3066 ,  B23K35/3073 ,  C22C9/01 ,  C22C9/02 ,  C22C9/04 ,  C22C19/03 ,  C22C38/04 ,  C22C38/08 ,  C22F1/08 ,  C22F1/10

Abstract: Disclosed are self-adjusting wires, methods of making these self-adjusting wires, and thermal joining processes (such as gas metal arc welding or laser brazing) and other processes using these self-adjusting wires. The wires have an outer layer of a metal or metal alloy suitable as a joining material in the joining process and a core of a shape-memory alloy. The outer layer may be continuous about the exterior of the core or discontinuous such as a longitudinal strip or strips. The shape-memory alloy of the self-adjusting wire is “trained” to a straight-wire shape in its austenite phase. In using the self-adjusting wire in a process, a bent end of the self-adjusting wire is straightened by heating the self-adjusting wire above the austenite phase transition temperature of the shape-memory alloy.

Abstract translation: 公开了自调整线，制造这些自调整线的方法，以及使用这些自调节线的热接合工艺（例如气体金属电弧焊或激光钎焊）等工艺。 电线具有适合作为接合过程中的接合材料的金属或金属合金的外层和形状记忆合金的芯。 外层可以围绕芯的外部连续或不连续，例如纵向条或条。 自调整丝的形状记忆合金在其奥氏体相中被“训练成”为直线形状。 在使用自调整线的过程中，通过将自调整线加热到形状记忆合金的奥氏体相变温度以上，自调整线的弯曲端部被拉直。

公开(公告)号：US11235422B2

公开(公告)日：2022-02-01

申请号：US16484010

申请日：2017-02-09

Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

Inventor： Yu Pan ,  David Yang ,  Wu Tao ,  Paolo Novelletto

IPC: B23K26/22 ,  B23K26/082 ,  B23K26/244 ,  B23K26/08 ,  B23K103/08 ,  B23K103/10 ,  B23K103/04

Abstract: A method for joining together metal workpiece (12,14 or 12,150, 14) includes forming a laser weld joint (66) in a workpiece stack-up (10) that fusion welds two or more overlapping metal workpiece (12,14 or 12,150 or 14) together. The laser weld joint (66) has an initial top surface (76). Once the laser weld joint (66) is formed, the method calls for impinging the laser weld joint (66) with a laser beam (24) and moving the laser beam (24) along the initial joint (66) including the initial top surface (76). The laser beam (24) is eventually removed from the laser weld joint (66) to allow the melted upper portion (78) of the joint (66) to resolidify and provide the laser weld joint (66) with a modified top surface (84) that is smoother than the initial top surface (76). By providing the laser weld joint with a smoother modified top surface, residual stress concentration points are removed and the laser weld joint is less liable to damage seal strips.

公开(公告)号：US20200316713A1

公开(公告)日：2020-10-08

申请号：US15779743

申请日：2016-01-18

Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

Inventor： David Yang ,  Wu Tao ,  Li Sun

IPC: B23K26/22 ,  B23K26/073 ,  B23K26/322

Abstract: A method of laser spot welding a workpiece stack-up (10) that includes at least two overlapping steel workpieces (12,14), at least one of which includes a surface coating (40), is disclosed. The method includes directing a laser beam (24) at the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10) to create a molten steel weld pool (90) that penetrates into the stack-up (10). The molten steel weld pool (90) is then grown to penetrate further into the stack-up (10) by increasing an irradiance of the laser beam (24) while reducing the projected sectional area (86) of the laser beam (24) at a plane of the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10). Increasing the irradiance of the laser beam (24) may be accomplished by moving a focal point (62) of the laser beam (24) closer to the top surface (20) or by reducing an angle of incidence (82) of the laser beam (24) so as to reduce the eccentricity of the projected sectional area (86) of the laser beam (24).

公开(公告)号：US20190040487A1

公开(公告)日：2019-02-07

申请号：US15668751

申请日：2017-08-04

Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

Inventor： Charles Enloe ,  Curt D. Horvath ,  David Yang ,  Qi Lu ,  Wu Tao

IPC: C21D9/46 ,  C21D8/02 ,  C21D3/04 ,  C23C2/06 ,  B32B15/01 ,  B23K11/11 ,  B23K11/16 ,  B23K26/22 ,  B23K26/322

CPC classification number: C21D9/46 ,  B23K11/11 ,  B23K11/115 ,  B23K11/166 ,  B23K26/22 ,  B23K26/322 ,  B23K2103/166 ,  B32B15/013 ,  C21D3/04 ,  C21D8/0205 ,  C21D8/0236 ,  C21D8/0257 ,  C21D2211/005 ,  C23C2/02 ,  C23C2/06 ,  C23C2/26 ,  C23C2/28 ,  C23C2/40 ,  C23C8/18 ,  C23C28/02 ,  C23C28/025 ,  C23C30/00 ,  C23C30/005 ,  Y10T428/12458 ,  Y10T428/12799 ,  Y10T428/12958 ,  Y10T428/12965 ,  Y10T428/12972 ,  Y10T428/2495 ,  Y10T428/24967 ,  Y10T428/24975 ,  Y10T428/263 ,  Y10T428/264 ,  Y10T428/265

Abstract: A multilayer steel includes a core formed of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel. A decarburized layer is exterior to the core on at least one side thereof. The decarburized layer has reduced carbon content relative to the core. A zinc-based layer is exterior to the decarburized layer. The decarburized layer may have a composition of at least 80 percent ferrite, such that LME is reduced or mitigated. In some configurations, the decarburized layer is between 10-50 microns thick. A method of creating a coated advanced high-strength steel component is also provided. An apparatus for forming a coated advanced high-strength steel is also provided. The core of the multilayer steel may have a carbon weight-percent of less than or equal to 0.4. The decarburized layer of the multilayer steel may have a carbon weight-percent of less than or equal to 50 percent of the carbon weight-percent of the core.

公开(公告)号：US10166627B2

公开(公告)日：2019-01-01

申请号：US14503969

申请日：2014-10-01

Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

Inventor： David R. Sigler ,  James G. Schroth ,  Blair E. Carlson ,  Yelena Myasnikova ,  David Yang

IPC: B23K11/10 ,  B23K11/16 ,  B23K11/00 ,  B23K11/20 ,  B23K11/11 ,  B23K35/02

Abstract: A resistance spot welding method may involve spot welding a workpiece stack-up that includes a steel workpiece and an aluminum alloy workpiece that overlap one another to provide a faying interface. A pair of opposed welding electrodes are pressed against opposite sides of the workpiece stack-up with one welding electrode contacting the aluminum alloy workpiece and the other welding electrode contacting the steel workpiece. The welding electrodes are constructed so that, when an electrical current is passed between the electrodes and through the workpiece stack-up, the electrical current has a greater current density in the steel workpiece than in the aluminum alloy workpiece to thereby concentrate heat within a smaller zone in the steel workpiece. Concentrating heat within a smaller zone in the steel workpiece is believed to modify the solidification behavior of the resultant molten aluminum alloy weld pool in a desirable way.

公开(公告)号：US20180272457A1

公开(公告)日：2018-09-27

申请号：US15992748

申请日：2018-05-30

Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

Inventor： David Yang ,  David R. Sigler ,  Blair E. Carlson ,  James G. Schroth ,  Michael J. Karagoulis

IPC: B23K11/20 ,  B23K35/02 ,  B23K11/11 ,  B23K11/30 ,  B23K103/20

CPC classification number: B23K11/20 ,  B23K11/115 ,  B23K11/3009 ,  B23K11/3018 ,  B23K35/0205 ,  B23K35/0261 ,  B23K2103/20

Abstract: A method of spot welding a workpiece stack-up that includes a steel workpiece and an aluminum alloy workpiece involves passing an electrical current through the workpieces and between welding electrodes that are constructed to affect the current density of the electrical current. The welding electrodes, more specifically, are constructed to render the density of the electrical current greater in the steel workpiece than in the aluminum alloy workpiece. This difference in current densities can be accomplished by passing, at least initially, the electrical current between a weld face of the welding electrode in contact with the steel workpiece and a perimeter region of a weld face of the welding electrode in contact with the aluminum alloy workpiece.