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    System for measuring and controlling electroosmosis in separation techniques
    11.
    发明授权
    System for measuring and controlling electroosmosis in separation techniques 失效
    分离技术测量和控制电渗的系统

    公开(公告)号：US5378334A

    公开(公告)日：1995-01-03

    申请号：US158807

    申请日：1993-11-24

    Applicant: Rajeev Dadoo ,  Thomas T. Lee ,  Richard N. Zare

    Inventor： Rajeev Dadoo ,  Thomas T. Lee ,  Richard N. Zare

    IPC: G01N27/447 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/16 ,  G01N30/28 ,  G01N30/60 ,  G01N30/84 ,  G01N27/26

    CPC classification number: G01N30/16 ,  G01N27/44717 ,  G01N27/44773 ,  G01N30/6039 ,  G01N2030/027 ,  G01N2030/162 ,  G01N2030/285 ,  G01N2030/8435 ,  G01N30/02

    Abstract: An electrophoretic or chromatographic separation capillary containing a fluid or gel defines a bore therein through which a sample migrates and separates into components. The tube has a side wall defining a passage therein. A substance is introduced into the capillary through the pasage by means of gravity, pressure or electroosmosis. The substance introduced changes the electroosmotic flow rate of the fluid in the capillary tube. The electroosmotic flow rate of the fluid in the capillary tube can be monitored by introducing a compound through the passage and detecting the concentration of the compound. Information on the flow rate can be used in a feedback action to control the flow rate, such as to keep it constant.

    Abstract translation: 含有流体或凝胶的电泳或色谱分离毛细管在其中限定了孔，样品通过该孔移动并分离成组分。 管具有在其中限定通道的侧壁。 一种物质通过重力，压力或电渗渗透通过管道引入毛细管中。 所引入的物质改变了毛细管中流体的电渗流速。 可以通过引入化合物通过通道并检测化合物的浓度来监测毛细管中的流体的电渗流速。 关于流量的信息可以用于反馈动作以控制流量，例如保持其恒定。

    Capillary electrophoretic system
    13.
    发明授权
    Capillary electrophoretic system 失效
    毛细管电泳系统

    公开(公告)号：US5232565A

    公开(公告)日：1993-08-03

    申请号：US873714

    申请日：1992-04-22

    Applicant: Richard N. Zare ,  Stephen L. Pentoney, Jr. ,  John W. Frost ,  Jeff Quint

    Inventor： Richard N. Zare ,  Stephen L. Pentoney, Jr. ,  John W. Frost ,  Jeff Quint

    IPC: G01N27/447

    CPC classification number: G01N27/44717 ,  G01N27/44713

    Abstract: In the capillary electrophoretic system, the components of a sample to be separated and detected are labelled by a radioactive material which emits gamma rays or beta particles with energy high enough to penetrate the electrolyte and the capillary tube. A semiconductor detector outside the tube and placed adjacent to the tube detects the gamma rays or beta particles in order to detect the presence of the components of the sample. A weaker radio-label may also be used in conjunction with scintillating material which is introduced together with the sample into the tube or through a different tube. Alternatively, the scintillating material may be placed inside the tube or made a part of the tube. The scintillating material emits light in response to radiation from the radio labels on the components of the sample to enable detection of the component. The power supply for driving the electrolyte in the tube is controlled by a control system in response to the detector signal to reduce the voltage, turn the power supply off or apply a voltage of opposite polarity in order to increase the residence time of a particular component which has been detected or to make it pass the detector region two or more times. By increasing the residence time, the sensitivity of detection is increased.

    Abstract translation: 在毛细管电泳系统中，待分离和检测的样品的组分被放射性材料标记，放射性材料发射具有足够高的能量以穿透电解质和毛细管的γ射线或β粒子。 管外部放置一个半导体检测器并且与管连接放置以检测伽马射线或β粒子，以便检测样品的组分的存在。 较弱的放射标签也可与闪烁材料一起使用，其与样品一起引入管或通过不同的管。 或者，闪烁材料可以放置在管内或制成管的一部分。 闪烁材料响应于来自样品组件上的无线电标签的辐射而发光，以使得能够检测该组件。 用于驱动管中的电解质的电源由控制系统响应于检测器信号控制以降低电压，关断电源或施加相反极性的电压，以增加特定部件的停留时间 已被检测到或使其通过检测器区域两次或更多次。 通过增加停留时间，检测灵敏度提高。

    On-column conductivity detector for microcolumn electrokinetic separations
    14.
    发明授权
    On-column conductivity detector for microcolumn electrokinetic separations 失效
    用于微柱电动分离的柱上电导率检测器

    公开(公告)号：US5223114A

    公开(公告)日：1993-06-29

    申请号：US744642

    申请日：1991-08-08

    Applicant: Richard N. Zare ,  Xiao-Hua Huang ,  Joseph Pang

    Inventor： Richard N. Zare ,  Xiao-Hua Huang ,  Joseph Pang

    IPC: B01D57/02 ,  G01N27/07 ,  G01N27/447

    CPC classification number: G01N27/07 ,  B01D57/02 ,  G01N27/4473

    Abstract: An on-column conductivity detector for microcolumn electrokinetic separation systems is disclosed. The detector is based on the column itself, the column having a largest internal cross-sectional dimension of 500 microns or less and includes one or more sensing electrodes positioned directly upon or immediately adjacent to (i.e. contiguous with) the wall of the column into communication with the analyte stream so as to present no dead volume and no increase in cross-sectional area to the fluid flow. In one embodiment, this conductivity detector has a single on-column electrode, located immediately adjacent to the exit end of the column. In a preferred embodiment, this conductivity detector has one or more pairs of on-column sensing electrodes and these paired electrodes are located directly across from each other on the microcolumn, to minimize potential across the electrodes and concomitant electrochemical reactions.

    Abstract translation: 公开了用于微柱电动分离系统的柱上电导率检测器。 检测器基于柱本身，该柱具有500微米或更小的最大内部横截面尺寸，并且包括一个或多个感测电极，其直接定位在柱的壁上或紧邻（即邻接）柱的通道 与分析物流一样，以便不产生死体积，并且不增加流体流动的横截面面积。 在一个实施例中，该电导率检测器具有位于柱的出口端附近的单个柱上电极。 在优选的实施方案中，该导电性检测器具有一对或多对柱上检测电极，并且这些成对电极在微柱上彼此直接相对放置，以最小化跨电极的电势和伴随的电化学反应。

    Surface induced dissociation with reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry
    15.
    发明授权
    Surface induced dissociation with reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry 失效
    表面诱导离子与反射时间飞行时间质谱

    公开(公告)号：US5144127A

    公开(公告)日：1992-09-01

    申请号：US739904

    申请日：1991-08-02

    Applicant: Evan R. Williams ,  Richard N. Zare

    Inventor： Evan R. Williams ,  Richard N. Zare

    IPC: H01J49/14 ,  H01J49/40

    CPC classification number: H01J49/405 ,  H01J49/0068

    Abstract: Surface induce dissociation (SID) in a reflectron tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer is demonstrated using a movable "in-line" SID surface in the reflectron lens. For collisions under 100 eV, SID spectra are measured with a resolution of .about.65 (FWHM) with dissociation efficiencies of 7-15% obtained for most small organic ions. For larger peptide ions (m/z>1200) formed by laser desorption, efficiencies as high as 30-50% are obtained. Surface collisions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ions can be made to produce abundant pick-up of large, surface-adsorbed species. Attachment of C.sub.1 H.sub.n -C.sub.6 H.sub.n to naphthalene and phenanthrene ions occurs with collision energies between 40-160 eV. Formation efficiency for these ion-adsorbate attachment reactions can be as high as 0.8%. Surface collisions produce no measureable shift in our flight times nor distortion in peak shapes for these species; this indicates the reaction time on the surface must be less thant 160 ns. Theoretical calculations show that these reactions are direct (

    Abstract translation: 在反射镜串联飞行时间质谱仪中的表面诱导解离（SID）使用反射镜中的可移动的“在线”SID表面进行了演示。 对于100eV以下的碰撞，以大多数小有机离子获得的解离效率为7-15％的DIFFERENCE 65（FWHM）分辨率测量SID光谱。 对于通过激光解吸形成的较大的肽离子（m / z> 1200），可获得高达30-50％的效率。 可以使多环芳烃离子的表面碰撞产生大量表面吸附物质的大量吸收。 碰撞能量在40-160eV之间，C1Hn -C6Hn与萘和菲离子的连接。 这些离子吸附物附着反应的形成效率高达0.8％。 表面碰撞在我们的飞行时间内不产生可测量的变化，也不会在这些物种的峰形上产生变形; 这表明表面上的反应时间必须少于160 ns。 理论计算表明，这些反应是直接的（<300 fs停留在表面），因此通过Eley-Rideal机制进行。

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