Abstract:
ALKYLENE POLYETHERS SOLUBLE IN MINERAL OIL AND HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT ABOVE 10,000 ARE UTILIZED AS VISCOSITY INDEX IMPROVING ADDITIVES IN LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITIONS. THE PLYETHERS ARE MADE BY POLYMERIZATION OF ALKYLENE OXIDES, OXETANES AND EPISULFIDES IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST, E.G., A DOUBLE METAL CYANIDE COMPLEX TYPE CATALYST LIKE ZINE HEXACYANOFERRATE DIGLYET COMPLEX. THE IMPROVED LUBRICANTS CONTAIN ABOUT 1 TO 15 PARTS OF THE POLYETHER PER 100 PARTS OF BASE OIL.
Abstract:
Emulsions of fluorosilicone fluids in mineral oil are disclosed. These emulsions are stabilized by a polydimethylsiloxane- polybutadiene copolymer or a polydimethylsiloxane-hydrogenated polybutadiene copolymer. The emulsions are an effective foam suppressant for organic liquids, especially crude petroleum.
Abstract:
An oil soluble copolymer, useful as a pour point depressant for lubricating oils, is a C.sub.22 -C.sub.40, preferably C.sub.32 -C.sub.36, branched alkyl ester based polymer. These alkyl esters of copolymers are essentially free of olefinic unsaturation and have a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 40,000, preferably 2,000 to 15,000, optimally 2,000 to 8,000.These alkyl ester copolymers are usefully admixed with lubricants in an amount of from 0.01 to 2 wt. % based on the total weight of the admixture and are of the class consisting of a C.sub.22 -C.sub.40 branched alkyl ester of a copolymer of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 1-olefin and maleic anhydride and di-(2-[C.sub.22 to C.sub.40 ] alkyl) fumarate-vinyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylate e.g. acetate copolymer.
Abstract:
Metal working operations, especially drawing, are facilitated by applying to the metal a composition which provides lubricity thereto, which melts at about 30.degree.-150.degree. C., and which comprises principally a polymer of a monoepoxide or monoepisulfide containing from about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms. The composition may be applied in liquid form and solidifies on cooling to ambient and normal storage temperatures. Prior to application, the composition is preferably heated to a temperature higher than its melting temperature for ease of flow and uniform dispersion thereof onto the metal.
Abstract:
Hydroxy aromatic compositions containing (a) a hydroxyl group bonded directly to a carbon of an aromatic nucleus, (b) a hydrocarbon-based substituent of at least about 50 aliphatic carbon atoms bonded directly to a carbon atom of an aromatic nucleus, (c) at least one methylol or lower hydrocarbyl substituted methylol substituent bonded directly to a carbon atom of an aromatic nucleus, and not having any alkylene linkages between carbon atoms of two aromatic nuclei are useful as additives for normally liquid fuels and lubricating oils. These hydroxy aromatic compositions are also useful as intermediates for preparing other additives for fuels and lubricants. Typical hydroxy aromatic compositions of the present invention are formed by reaction of formaldehyde with an alkenyl- or alkyl-substituted phenol wherein the alkyl or alkenyl substituent contains an average of about 50 carbon atoms.
Abstract:
Mineral oil compositions of improved characteristics comprise a major proportion of a mineral oil and a minor proportion of an isobutylene polymer containing bound 2,6-di-t-butyl phenol groups.
Abstract:
Ethylene copolymers derived from about 2 to 98 wt. % ethylene, and one or more C.sub.3 to C.sub.28 alpha olefins, e.g. ethylene-propylene, are solution-grafted under an inert atmosphere and at elevated temperatures with an ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acid material in the presence of a high-temperature decomposable free-radical initiator and thereafter reacted with a polyfunctional material reactive with carboxy groups; such as (a) a polyamine, or (b) a polyol, or (c) a hydroxyamine, or mixtures thereof, to form carboxyl-grafted polymeric derivatives, which have good engine sludge and varnish control behavior in fuels and lubricating oils. If the molecular weight is above 10,000, then these polymers are also useful as multifunctional viscosity index improvers.
Abstract:
Mineral lubricating oil compositions which contain a predominant proportion of a mineral lubricating oil together with a pour point depressant based on alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate polymers and a viscosity index (VI) improver comprising a special selectively hydrogenated copolymer of styrene and a conjugated diene. The VI improver employed is a selectively hydrogenated, random butadiene-styrene copolymer containing from 35 to 45% by weight of styrene and possessing a particular structure and distribution of the monomers. The compositions exhibit high stability to shear and may therefore in particular be used for lubricating I.C. engines or gearboxes.