公开(公告)号：US4772757A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-20

申请号：US921641

申请日：1986-10-21

Applicant: Gunter Lailach ,  Rudolf Gerken ,  Karl-Heinz Schultz ,  Rudolf Hornung ,  Walter Bockmann ,  Wolfgang Larbig ,  Wolfgang Dietz

Inventor： Gunter Lailach ,  Rudolf Gerken ,  Karl-Heinz Schultz ,  Rudolf Hornung ,  Walter Bockmann ,  Wolfgang Larbig ,  Wolfgang Dietz

IPC: C07C201/08 ,  C01B17/88 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C205/06 ,  C07C79/10

CPC classification number: C07C201/08 ,  C01B17/88

Abstract: In the production of nitrobenzene by subjecting benzene to nitration with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, separating off the nitrobenzene formed, concentrating the sulfuric acid by evaporation and returning the concentrated sulfuric acid to the bezene nitration stage, the improvement which comprises concentrating sulfuric acid to a concentration of from 75 to 92% by evaporation in vacuo at temperatures in the range from 130.degree. to 195.degree. C. Thereby the energy per kg of water evaporated is drastically reduced compared to processes wherein the sulfuric acid is concentrated to a higher level, without a corresponding loss in efficiency or capacity.

Abstract translation: 在用硝酸和硫酸的混合物对苯进行硝化的硝基苯生产中，分离所形成的硝基苯，通过蒸发浓缩硫酸并将浓硫酸还原成氮化阶段，其改进包括浓缩硫酸 通过在130-195℃的温度下在真空中蒸发，将其酸浓度至75至92％。因此，与将硫酸浓缩至较高的方法相比，蒸发的每kg水的能量显着降低 水平，没有相应的效率或能力损失。

公开(公告)号：US4600702A

公开(公告)日：1986-07-15

申请号：US671279

申请日：1984-11-14

Applicant: Ignatius Schumacher

Inventor： Ignatius Schumacher

IPC: B01J23/10 ,  B01J27/24 ,  C07B43/02 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/08 ,  C07C205/04 ,  C07C205/06 ,  C07C205/11 ,  C07C205/12 ,  C07C205/37 ,  B01J21/18 ,  B01J23/00 ,  B01J31/00

CPC classification number: B01J23/10 ,  B01J27/24 ,  C07B43/02 ,  C07C201/08

Abstract: Catalysts compositions useful to catalyze the nitration of aromatic compounds in the vapor phase to produce nitroaromatic compounds are represented by the empirical formula:(M.sup.1.sub.a M.sup.2.sub.b O.sub.c).sub.x (NO.sub.2).sub.ywherein M.sup.1 is at least one element selected from Group 4b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from Group 3b of the Periodic Table of the Elements, a is 1, b is 0.050 to 20, c is a number taken to satisfy the average valences of M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 in the oxidation states in which they exist in the composition, x is 1, and y is 0 to c. The compositions are particularly effective to catalyze the vapor phase nitration of chlorobenzene and are characterized in such reaction by providing a para/ortho isomer distribution ratio of at least about 1.9/l.

Abstract translation: 用于催化气相中芳族化合物硝化以产生硝基芳族化合物的催化剂组合物由经验式表示：（M1aM2bOc）x（NO2）y，其中M1是选自元素周期表第4b族的至少一种元素 元素M2是选自元素周期表第3b族中的至少一种元素，a是1，b是0.050〜20，c是在氧化态中满足M1和M2的平均化合价的数字，其中 它们存在于组成中，x为1，y为0至c。 该组合物特别有效地催化氯苯的气相硝化，其特征在于通过提供至少约1.9 / 1的对位/邻位异构体分布比来进行这种反应。

公开(公告)号：US4507491A

公开(公告)日：1985-03-26

申请号：US445008

申请日：1982-11-29

Applicant: Werner Wykypiel ,  Wolfgang Tronich

Inventor： Werner Wykypiel ,  Wolfgang Tronich

IPC: C07B61/00 ,  B01J31/00 ,  B01J31/02 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/08 ,  C07C201/12 ,  C07C205/57 ,  C07C79/46 ,  C07C76/02

CPC classification number: C07C201/14

Abstract: To prepare a 1-nitrobenzene-2-alkyloxycarbonyl-5-carboxylic acid, a dialkyl benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate is first nitrated in a customary manner and the dialkyl 1-nitrobenzene-2,5-dicarboxylate compound obtained is subjected to a partial acidic ester hydrolysis without isolating the nitro compound prepared as an intermediate. The acidic ester hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of an organic solvent which is completely or partially miscible with water and has a boiling point of above 90.degree. C. and/or of an emulsifier; it is preferably carried out at a temperature between 65.degree. and 110.degree. C.

Abstract translation: 为了制备1-硝基苯-2-烷氧基羰基-5-羧酸，以常规方式首先硝化二苯基-1,4-二羧酸二烷基酯，将得到的1-硝基苯-2,5-二羧酸二烷基酯化合物 不分离作为中间体制备的硝基化合物的部分酸性酯水解。 酸性酯水解在催化量的与水完全或部分混溶并且沸点高于90℃的有机溶剂和/或乳化剂的存在下进行; 优选在65℃〜110℃的温度下进行。

公开(公告)号：US4487988A

公开(公告)日：1984-12-11

申请号：US489466

申请日：1983-04-28

Applicant: Ian M. Campbell ,  Donald L. Baulch ,  Jonathan M. Chappel

Inventor： Ian M. Campbell ,  Donald L. Baulch ,  Jonathan M. Chappel

IPC: C07C201/02 ,  C07C201/04 ,  C07C201/08 ,  C07C203/00 ,  C07C203/02 ,  C07C205/02 ,  C07C76/02

CPC classification number: C07C201/04 ,  C07C201/02 ,  C07C201/08

Abstract: Organic nitrogen compounds are formed in the vapor phase by organic radical formation by reaction of an organic compound, suitably an alkane, with hydroxyl radicals derived from the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen dioxide and the nitration of the organic radicals, suitably with nitrogen dioxide. The process is conducted using a molecular oxygen additive which directs the reaction towards the formation of the nitrate corresponding to the organic compound which may predominate in the organic reaction products.

Abstract translation: 通过有机化合物（合适的是烷烃）与由过氧化氢和二氧化氮之间的反应衍生的羟基自由基以及适当地用二氧化氮硝化有机自由基的有机自由基形成形成有机氮化合物。 该方法使用分子氧添加剂进行，该分子氧添加剂将反应引导形成对应于有机反应产物中可能占优势的有机化合物的硝酸盐。

公开(公告)号：US4476335A

公开(公告)日：1984-10-09

申请号：US445587

申请日：1982-11-30

Applicant: Shinji Takenaka ,  Takeshi Nishida ,  Joshiro Kanemoto

Inventor： Shinji Takenaka ,  Takeshi Nishida ,  Joshiro Kanemoto

IPC: B01J27/00 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/02 ,  C07C201/08 ,  C07C205/12 ,  C07C79/12

CPC classification number: C07C201/08

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of mononitrochlorobenzene by nitration of chlorobenzene using a mixed acid of nitric acid and phosphoric acid, the nitration reaction is carried out by using a molar ratio of nitric acid to chlorobenzene of not more than equimol in the presence of a concentrated phosphoric acid as the phosphoric acid component at temperatures of 50.degree.-120.degree. C. while maintaining the concentration of phosphoric acid to 72.4 weight % as P.sub.2 O.sub.5 or more during the reaction.

Abstract translation: 在使用硝酸和磷酸的混合酸硝化氯苯制备单硝基氯苯的方法中，硝化反应是在浓缩的存在下，使用不大于等摩尔的硝酸与氯苯的摩尔比进行的 磷酸作为磷酸成分，在50〜120℃的温度下，同时将磷酸的浓度保持在反应中的P2O5以上为72.4重量％。

公开(公告)号：US4465876A

公开(公告)日：1984-08-14

申请号：US464240

申请日：1983-02-07

Applicant: Barton Milligan

Inventor： Barton Milligan

IPC: C07C201/08 ,  C07C205/06 ,  C07C79/10

CPC classification number: C07C201/08

Abstract: In a process for nitrating aromatics using lower valent nitrating agents in trifluoroacetic acid, the product yield of nitroarenes can be significantly increased by maintaining an excess of nitrating agent over the stoichiometric amount during the reaction.

Abstract translation: 在使用三氟乙酸中的低价硝化剂硝化芳烃的方法中，通过在反应期间保持过量的硝化剂超过化学计量的量，可以显着提高硝基芳烃的产物收率。

公开(公告)号：US4426538A

公开(公告)日：1984-01-17

申请号：US341375

申请日：1982-01-21

Applicant: Klaus-Peter Heise ,  Ernst Schneider ,  Karlfried Wedemeyer

Inventor： Klaus-Peter Heise ,  Ernst Schneider ,  Karlfried Wedemeyer

IPC: C07B61/00 ,  B01J23/00 ,  B01J25/00 ,  B01J27/00 ,  B01J31/00 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/08 ,  C07C205/12 ,  C07C209/00 ,  C07C209/36 ,  C07C209/74 ,  C07C211/50 ,  C07C211/51 ,  C07C211/52 ,  C07C85/11

CPC classification number: C07C201/08 ,  C07C209/36 ,  C07C209/74

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of optionally p-chlorine-substituted 2,6-diaminotoluene, which is characterized in that 3,4-dichlorotoluene is dinitrated in the presence of an inert, water-immiscible, organic solvent and/or diluent at temperatures of -10.degree. to +100.degree. C. and is subsequently reduced, optionally after intermediate isolation of the dinitro compound, in the presence of an inert organic solvent and/or diluent and/or of water, with partial or complete splitting-off of the chlorine atoms, to give the diamino compound.2,6-Diaminotoluenes are valuable intermediates for the preparation of diisocyanates and polyurethanes; the 2,6-diaminotoluene is furthermore used for the preparation of dyestuffs and antioxidants.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种制备任选的对氯取代的2,6-二氨基甲苯的方法，其特征在于3,4-二氯甲苯在惰性的与水不混溶的有机溶剂存在下进行硝化，和/或 稀释剂，在-10℃至+ 100℃的温度下，随后在惰性有机溶剂和/或稀释剂和/或水的存在下，任选地将二硝基化合物中间分离后，部分或完全分离 的氯原子，得到二氨基化合物。 2,6-二氨基甲苯是制备二异氰酸酯和聚氨酯的有价值的中间体; 此外，2,6-二氨基甲苯用于制备染料和抗氧化剂。

公开(公告)号：US4392978A

公开(公告)日：1983-07-12

申请号：US107235

申请日：1979-12-26

Applicant: Ronald L. Elsenbaumer ,  Edel Wasserman

Inventor： Ronald L. Elsenbaumer ,  Edel Wasserman

IPC: C07C201/08 ,  C07C205/06 ,  C09K3/00 ,  C07B11/00 ,  C07D323/00

CPC classification number: C07C201/08

Abstract: A method and reagent for the selective nitration of aromatic hydrocarbons which comprises contacting a complex of at least a catalytic amount of a polyether with a nitronium containing substance, e.g., NO.sub.2 BF.sub.4 with an aromatic hydrocarbon, e.g., toluene with at least one replaceable hydrogen. Nitration of toluene with these complexes at ambient temperature resulted in a reduction in meta substitution. In competitive studies, soluble crown ether complexes of NO.sub.2 BF.sub.4 in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 nitrated toluene 45-59 times faster than they nitrated benzene.

Abstract translation: 用于选择性硝化芳烃的方法和试剂，其包括将至少催化量的聚醚的络合物与含硝基的物质例如NO 2 BF 4与芳族烃例如甲苯与至少一种可置换的氢接触。 甲苯与这些络合物在环境温度下硝化导致元替代的减少。 在竞争性研究中，NO2BF4的可溶性冠醚络合物在CH 2 Cl 2硝化甲苯中比其硝化苯快45-59倍。

公开(公告)号：US4313010A

公开(公告)日：1982-01-26

申请号：US94153

申请日：1979-11-14

Applicant: Pierre Lhonore ,  Bernard Jacquinot ,  Jacques Quibel ,  Roger Mari

Inventor： Pierre Lhonore ,  Bernard Jacquinot ,  Jacques Quibel ,  Roger Mari

IPC: C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/08 ,  C07C205/02 ,  C07C76/02 ,  C07C79/04

CPC classification number: C07C201/08

Abstract: Nitroparaffins are made in the homogeneous gaseous phase by nitration of ethane, performed in the presence of an active agent carrying an NO or NO.sub.2 group that is easily transferable. The process is applicable particularly to making nitromethane with high yields.

Abstract translation: 通过硝化乙烷在均匀气相中制备硝基烷烃，其在携带易于转移的NO或NO 2基团的活性剂存在下进行。 该方法特别适用于以高产率制备硝基甲烷。

公开(公告)号：US4288620A

公开(公告)日：1981-09-08

申请号：US158977

申请日：1980-06-12

Applicant: Manfred Rosner

Inventor： Manfred Rosner

IPC: C07C233/15 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/08 ,  C07C205/12 ,  C07C205/37 ,  C07C205/57 ,  C07C205/59 ,  C07C102/00 ,  C07C102/04

CPC classification number: C07C231/12

Abstract: A process for the production of 4-acylamido-2-nitro-1-alkoxybenzenes by acylating p-alkoxyaniline with an acylating agent to 4-acylamido-alkoxybenzenes and subsequently nitrating these latter to 4-acylamido-2-nitro-1-alkoxybenzenes, which process comprises carrying out the reaction in an inert solvent, without isolation of the intermediates, using 88 to 95% sulfuric acid in the weight ratio of 6:1 to 10:1, based on the p-alkoxyaniline employed, during the nitration step.

Abstract translation: 通过用酰化剂将对 - 烷氧基苯胺酰化成4-酰氨基 - 烷氧基苯并随后将其硝化为4-酰基酰氨基-2-硝基-1-烷氧基苯来制备4-酰基酰氨基-2-硝基-1-烷氧基苯的方法， 该方法包括在惰性溶剂中进行反应，而不分离中间体，在硝化步骤中使用基于所使用的对 - 烷氧基苯胺的重量比为6：1至10：1的88至95％硫酸 。