Abstract:
A solid zirconium cross-linking agent is prepared comprising zirconium and hydroxyalkylated ethylene diamine ligand. Use of the cross-linking agent in compositions for oil field applications such as hydraulic fracturing and plugging of permeable zones is also disclosed.
Abstract:
A process to prepare a stable solution of a borozirconate complex is disclosed and use of the solution in oil field applications such as hydraulic fracturing and plugging of permeable zones. The process comprises contacting zirconium complex with alkanolamine, then glycerol and water, then with a boron compound. The solution is particularly suitable for use in a cross-linking composition in hydraulic fracturing and plugging of permeable zones of subterranean formations at temperatures of 275° F. (135° C.) and higher in the formation.
Abstract:
A zirconium cross-linking agent produced by a process which comprises contacting a zirconium triethanolamine complex with a mixture of polyols, which mixture comprises a hydroxyalkylated diamine and a hydrocarbon polyol. There is further provided a cross-linking composition which comprises (a) an aqueous liquid, (b) a cross-linkable organic polymer, and (c) a solution of a zirconium cross-linking agent which is produced by a process which comprises contacting a zirconium triethanolamine complex having a molar ratio of 1:2 to 1:5 of zirconium to triethanolamine with a mixture of polyols, which mixture comprises a hydroxyalkylated diamine and a hydrocarbon polyol wherein the molar ratio of zirconium to hydroxyalkylated diamine is 1:0.5 to 1:1 and the molar ratio of zirconium to hydrocarbon polyol is 1:0.5 to 1:1.5. The composition can be used in oil field applications for hydraulic fracturing and plugging of permeable zones and leaks in subterranean formations.
Abstract:
A process for preparing a stable zirconium triethanolamine cross-linking agent comprises contacting a solution of a zirconium triethanolamine complex with water at a temperature of 50° C. to 90° C. at a mole ratio of triethanolamine:zirconium in the range of 3.5:5.5 and at a mole ratio of water:zirconium in the range of 20:1 to 1:1. The stable zirconium triethanolamine complex can be used in a cross-linking composition. Further disclosed are methods to use the composition in oil field applications for hydraulic fracturing and plugging of permeable zones and leaks in subterranean formations.
Abstract:
A zirconium cross-linking agent produced by a process which comprises contacting a zirconium triethanolamine complex with a mixture of polyols, which mixture comprises a hydroxyalkylated diamine and a hydrocarbon polyol. There is further provided a cross-linking composition which comprises (a) an aqueous liquid, (b) a cross-linkable organic polymer, and (c) a solution of a zirconium cross-linking agent which is produced by a process which comprises contacting a zirconium triethanolamine complex having a molar ratio of 1:2 to 1:5 of zirconium to triethanolamine with a mixture of polyols, which mixture comprises a hydroxyalkylated diamine and a hydrocarbon polyol wherein the molar ratio of zirconium to hydroxyalkylated diamine is 1:0.5 to 1:1 and the molar ratio of zirconium to hydrocarbon polyol is 1:0.5 to 1:1.5. The composition can be used in oil field applications for hydraulic fracturing and plugging of permeable zones and leaks in subterranean formations.
Abstract:
Metal complexes of titanium and zirconium with N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine are provided, and more particularly to an improved process to prepare the titanium and zirconium complexes of N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine. Such complexes are used in oil well fracturing and plugging applications.
Abstract:
A composition and a process for producing the composition are disclosed. The composition comprises (1) repeat units derived from a carbonyl compound and a glycol and (2) one or more ultrafine metal oxides. The process can comprise (1) contacting, in the presence of a catalyst and optionally one or more ultrafine metal oxides, a carbonyl compound such as dicarboxylic acid with a glycol under a condition sufficient to produce polyester wherein the glycol can be pretreated with a metal oxide or (2) incorporating an ultrafine metal oxide into or onto polyester. Also disclosed is a process for substantially removing, or reducing the content of, an aldehyde in a glycol which comprises contacting the glycol with at least one metal oxide.
Abstract:
A catalyst composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a titanium compound, a complexing agent, hypophosphorous acid or its metal salt, water and optionally a solvent. The complexing agent can be hydroxycarboxylic acid, alkanolamines, aminocarboxylic acids, or combinations of two or more thereof. The solvent can be water, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, isopropylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1-methyl propylene glycol, pentylene glycol, or combinations of two or more thereof. The titanium compound can be combined with a zirconium compound. Also disclosed is a process for using the composition for producing an ester or a polyester. The process comprises contacting a carbonyl compound, in the presence of the composition, with an alcohol under a condition suitable for esterification, transesterification, polymerization, or combinations of two or more thereof.
Abstract:
The invention provides a process that can be used for producing a bis-glycolate ester of 5-sulfo isophthalate metal salt. The process comprises contacting a 5-sulfo isophthalate a metal salt or a dialkyl ester of 5-sulfo isophthalate metal salt, in the presence of a catalyst, with a glycol. The catalyst comprises (1) a titanium compound, a solubility promoter, a phosphorus source, and optionally a solvent, (2) a titanium compound, a complexing agent, a phosphorus source, and optionally a solvent, a sulfonic acid, or combinations thereof, or (3) combinations of (1) and (2). The solubility promoter can be selected from the group consisting of ortho silicates, ortho zirconates and combinations thereof. The phosphorus source is selected from the group consisting of a phosphonic acid, a phosphinic acid, a phosphine, and combinations of two or more thereof. The complexing agent can be selected from the group consisting of hydroxycarboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids, and combinations thereof. The invention also provides a process that can be used for producing a cationic dyeable polyalkylene terephthalate. The process comprises contacting a mixture, in the presence of an esterification or transesterification catalyst, with a glycol in which the mixture comprises the bis-glycolate ester of 5-sulfo isophthalate metal salt produced by the process disclosed above and either a terephthalate acid or a dialkyl terephthalate.
Abstract:
A catalyst composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a titanium compound, a phosphorus compound, an amine, a solvent and optionally a cocatalyst in which the phosphorus compound has a formula selected from the group consisting of (R.sup.1 O).sub.x (PO)(OH).sub.3-x, (R.sup.1 O).sub.y (P.sub.2 O.sub.3)(OH).sub.4-y, and combinations thereof; the amine is a tertiary amine; each R.sup.1 is independently a linear or branched alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms per radical; x is 1 or 2; and y is 1, 2, or 3; and the cocatalyst can be a cobalt/aluminum catalyst, an antimony compound, or combinations thereof. Also disclosed is a process for producing the composition. The process comprises combining a titanium compound, a phosphorus compound, a solvent, an amine, a solvent, and optionally a cocatalyst. The phosphorus compound, amie, and solvent are the same as those disclosed above. Further disclosed is a process for using the composition which comprises contacting a carbonyl compound, in the presence of the composition, with an alcohol under a condition suitable for esterification, transesterification, polymerization, or combinations thereof.