Abstract:
Monohalohydroquinone monocarboxylates are selectively prepared by halogenating a hydroquinone monocarboxylate, or admixture thereof with a hydroquinine dicarboxylate and a minor amount of hydroquinone, with a chlorine, bromine or sulfuryl halide halogenating agent; such monocarboxylates are facilely converted into the corresponding dicarboxylates by acylation. Both the monocarboxylates, e.g., monochlorohydroquinone monoacetate, and dicarboxylates, e.g., monochlorohydroquinone diacetate, are useful organic intermediates.
Abstract:
Substituted phenols are nitrated by contacting same with a 10 to 70% by weight concentrated aqueous solution of nitric acid. The subject nitration process is well adopted for the preparation, e.g., of 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol, a valuable intermediate in the production of various agrochemicals/pharmaceuticals.
Abstract:
Process for the manufacture of an optionally halogenated aniline of the formula: ##STR1## in which Y=halogen, R=H, alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) or alkoxy (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) and n=0 to 5.Halogenobenzenes of the formula: ##STR2## in which Y, R and n are as above and X=halogen, are subjected to ammonolysis with aqueous ammonia solution, in the presence of copper and 8-hydroxyquinoline.The process can be used, in particular, for the preparation of 3,5-dichloroaniline.
Abstract:
Aromatic azoamines are prepared by diazotizing an aromatic amine, coupling the diazonium salt with the aromatic amine, and rearranging the resulting aromatic diazoamine. The several reactions are effected in single stage by introducing vaporous nitrogen oxides to a reaction medium essentially consisting of the aromatic amine [.alpha.], a salt of the aromatic amine [.beta.], and water [.gamma.], with the percentage weight relationship existing among the components .alpha., .beta. and .gamma. being such that:10